Amendment of the Annexes to the Agreement On The Conservation Of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (Resolution 2.1)
Source: http://www.unep-aewa.org/meetings/en/mop/mop2_docs/resolutions-word/reso..., downloaded 20070623
Recalling the Final Act of the negotiation meeting to adopt the Agreement on the Conservation of African Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds, held in The Hague, the Netherlands, in June 1995, inviting the interim secretariat to prepare amendments to the Action Plan with regard to species or families listed in Annex 2 of the Agreement,
Recalling Resolution 1.9, adopted at the first Meeting of the Parties in Cape Town, South Africa in November 1999, which amended the Action Plan and requested the Secretariat and/or Technical Committee, inter alia:
(a) To consider addition of species, as specified in the resolution, to the Agreement and Action Plan;
(b) To review current data on population status;
(c) To stimulate the preparation of single species action plans,
Recalling article X of the Agreement concerning the procedures to amend the Action Plan and its Annexes,
Convinced that urgent actions are needed for many species not yet included in the Action Plan as adopted at the final negotiating meeting (The Hague, June 1995), and to regularly update the Action Plan,
Having reviewed document AEWA/MOP2.9, entitled "Proposed Amendments to the Action Plan", and having taken note of the proposed changes to Annex 2 of the Agreement and Table 1 of the Action Plan, which include the following:
(a) A full update of the conservation status of the species currently listed in the Action Plan, as presented in Table 1a of document AEWA/MOP2.9;
(b) The inclusion of an additional 11 species and their population status, as specified in Table 1b of AEWA/MOP2.9, in Annex 2 of the Agreement and Table 1 of the Action Plan;
(c) The inclusion, as requested in Resolution 1.9, of an additional six species, as specified in AEWA/MOP2.9 Table 1c, in Annex 2 of the Agreement and Table 1 of the Action Plan;
(d) The inclusion, following the specifications in Table 1d of AEWA/MOP2.9, of a further 48 species of waterbirds to Annex 2 of the Agreement and Table 1 of the Action Plan, and the inclusion of an additional 16 migratory populations of 12 species already listed in Annex 2 of the Agreement, to Table 1 of the Action Plan;
(e) The amendment of the conservation status of the populations of 38 species as proposed in an informal working document "Further amendments to Table 1 of Action Plan" presented to the Meeting by Wetlands International,
Noting the established international process for updating and revision of population estimates and 1 per cent thresholds for waterbirds established by the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Wildfowl Habitat, which envisages an update of Wetland International's Waterbird Population Estimates being prepared, following international scientific review and consultation, for each triennial Ramsar Conference of the Parties,
Aware of the considerable practical difficulties that are caused when the timing of the AEWA Meeting of the Parties precedes the publication and endorsement of Waterbird Population Estimates by the Ramsar Conventions,
Considering that the supporting review by AEWA of the status of waterbird populations in the Agreement area would benefit from the inclusion of additional analytical content, inter alia, patterns of changing conservation status by geographic area, by taxonomic and ecological groupings, and by other themes, in particular to act as a high level summary for decision makers and so as to inform directly the revision of the Agreement's implementation priorities,
The Meeting of the Parties:
1. Agrees to include an additional 65 species in Annex 2 of the Agreement as appended to the present Resolution, comprising 11 species as specified in Table 1b of AEWA/MOP2.9, six species as specified in Table 1c of AEWA/MOP2.9, and 48 species as specified in Table 1d of AEWA/MOP2.9;
2. Adopts the revised version of Table 1 of the Action Plan as appended to the present Resolution, to replace the current Table 1 of the Action Plan, as previously amended by Resolution 1.9;
3. Requests the Secretariat to monitor the implementation of the amendments and to stimulate the preparation of single- and multi- species action plans for those species identified as having an unfavourable conservation status;
4. Noting apparent declines in the North-west European and Northern European/West Mediterranean populations of Anas platyrhynchos, the North-west European population of Anas acuta, and the Baltic, Denmark and Netherlands population of Somateria mollissima, determines to retain existing categorizations for these populations in Table 1 of the Action Plan, and calls upon the Technical Committee, working with Wetlands International and other experts, as a matter of priority, to review further the status of these four populations in the light of additional information, and to report their findings to the Meeting of the Parties at its third session;
5. Encourages Parties to consider, where appropriate, the development and implementation of international multi-species action plans for populations of two or more species listed in column A of Table 1 when those populations share the same habitat (ecosystem), are exposed to similar threats, and require similar measures for their conservation. Priority shall be given to those groups of species which include two or more populations in category 1 in column A of Table 1. Populations of species listed in column B of Table 1 may be included in these action plans if they interact with other species in the group and require similar conservation measures;
6. Requests the Technical Committee of the Agreement, in close cooperation with the Agreement Secretariat and in close consultation with the relevant bodies of the Convention on Migratory Species, to review further development of the Agreement by including additional species of wetland birds and species traditionally considered to be seabirds, looking in the first instance at the species listed in Table 2 and Table 3 of AEWA/MOP2.9, expanding Table 3 to species from the whole of Africa, and considering, in particular, the extent to which the existing Action Plan is adequate in its scope to address differing conservation problems faced by birds of prey, passerines and other taxonomic groups using wetlands;
7. Calls upon the Technical Committee of the Agreement to develop guidelines for the interpretation of the term "significant long-term decline" in the context of Table 1 of the Action Plan;
8. Further calls upon the Technical Committee of the Agreement to provide clarification on the procedures used to delimit bio-geographical populations of waterbirds, noting their significance as practical units for conservation management;
9. Takes note of the second edition of the Report on the Conservation Status of Migratory Waterbirds in the Agreement Area (AEWA/Inf.2.14) as the current best available knowledge of the status of populations of waterbirds included in the Agreement;
10. Requests the Technical Committee to develop, at its next meeting, proposals for enhancing the analytical content of the third edition of the AEWA Report on the Conservation Status of Migratory Waterbirds in the Agreement Area, and to consider how that information may be used to direct input to future reviews of the Agreement's implementation priorities;
11. Takes note also of the Report on the Population Status of Lymnocryptes minimus (AEWA/Inf.2.12), which contains an evaluation of the current data and information on the species;
12. Calls upon all Parties to provide the necessary resources to undertake, on an international level, priority actions such as the drafting of single- and multi-species action plans where most needed on the basis of the amended Action Plan;
13. Requests the Secretariat to liaise with the Ramsar Convention Bureau to endeavour to ensure that in future the timing of the AEWA Meeting of the Parties follows the Ramsar Conference of the Parties, thus facilitating the review of waterbird population estimates by AEWA and further encouraging a globally coordinated and effective process for the review of waterbird population estimates;
14. Urges those countries with waterbird monitoring schemes not supplying data to the International Waterbird Census, to encourage the provision of a regular supply of such information as a matter of priority in order that International Waterbird Census outputs may be based on the most complete assessments possible.
Appendix I
Table 1
STATUS OF THE POPULATIONS OF MIGRATORY WATERBIRDS
[Ed: This Table forms part of the Action Plan contained in Annex 3 to the Agreement.]
KEY TO CLASSIFICATION
The following key to Table 1 is a basis for implementation of the Action Plan:
Column A
Category 1:
(a) Species, which are included in Appendix I to the Convention on the Conservation Migratory species of Wild Animals
(b) Species, which are listed as threatened in Threatened Birds of the World (BirdLife International 2000); or
(c) Populations, which number less than around 10,000 individuals.
Category 2: Populations numbering between around 10,000 and around 25,000 individuals.
Category 3.: Populations numbering between around 25,000 and around 100,000 individuals and considered to be at risk as a result of:
(a) Concentration onto a small number of sites at any stage of their annual cycle;
(b) Dependence on a habitat type, which is under severe threat;
(c) Showing significant long-term decline; or
(d) Showing extreme fluctuations in population size or trend.
For species listed in categories 2 and 3 above, see paragraph 2.1.1 of the Action Plan contained in Annex 3 to the Agreement.
Column B
Category 1: Populations numbering between around 25,000 and around 100,000 individuals and which do not fulfil the conditions in respect of column A, as described above.
Category 2: Populations numbering more than around 100,000 individuals and considered to be in need of special attention as a result of:
(a) Concentration onto a small number of sites at any stage of their annual cycle;
(b) Dependence on a habitat type, which is under severe threat;
(c) Showing significant long-term decline; or
(d) Showing extreme fluctuations in population size or trend.
Column C
Category 1: Populations numbering more than around 100,000 individuals which could
significantly benefit from international cooperation and which do not fulfil the
conditions in respect of either column A or column B, above.
REVIEW OF TABLE 1
The Table shall be:
(a) Reviewed regularly by the Technical Committee in accordance with article VII, paragraph 3(b), of the Agreement; and
(b) Amended as necessary by the Meeting of the Parties, in accordance with article VI, paragraph 9(d) of the Agreement, in light of the conclusions of such reviews.
DEFINITION OF GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS USED IN RANGE DESCRIPTIONS
North Africa: Algeria, Egypt, the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Morocco, Tunisia.
West Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, the Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo.
Eastern Africa: Burundi, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan, Uganda, the United Republic of Tanzania.
North-east Africa: Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan.
Southern Africa: Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
Central Africa: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Sao Tome and Principe.
Sub-Saharan Africa: All African states south of the Sahara.
Tropical Africa: Sub-Saharan Africa excluding Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa and Swaziland.
Western Palearctic As defined in Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa (Cramp & Simmons 1977).
North-west Europe: Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Western Europe: North-west Europe with Portugal and Spain.
North-east Europe: The northern part of the Russian Federation west of the Urals.
Eastern Europe: Belarus, the Russian Federation west of the Urals, Ukraine.
Central Europe: Austria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Poland, the Russian Federation around the Gulf of Finland and Kaliningrad, Slovakia, Switzerland.
North Atlantic: Faroes, Greenland, Iceland, Ireland, Norway, the north-west coast of the Russian Federation, Svalbard, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
East Atlantic: Atlantic seaboard of Europe and North Africa from northern Norway to Morocco.
Western Siberia: The Russian Federation east of the Urals to the Yenisey River and south to the Kazakhstan border.
Central Siberia: The Russian Federation from the Yenisey River to the eastern boundary of the Taimyr Peninsula and south to the Altai Mountains.
West Mediterranean: Algeria, France, Italy, Malta, Monaco, Morocco, Portugal, San Marino, Spain, Tunisia.
East Mediterranean: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Slovenia, the Syrian Arab Republic, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey, Yugoslavia.
Black Sea: Armenia, Bulgaria, Georgia, Republic of Moldova, Romania, the Russian Federation, Turkey, Ukraine.
Caspian: Azerbaijan, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.
South-west Asia: Bahrain, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the Syrian Arab Republic, eastern Turkey, Turkmenistan, the United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Yemen.
Western Asia: Western parts of the Russian Federation east of the Urals and the Caspian countries.
Central Asia: Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.
Southern Asia: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka.
KEY TO ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS
bre: breeding
win: wintering
N: Northern
E: Eastern
S: Southern
W: Western
NE: North-eastern
NW: North-western
SE: South-eastern
SW: South-western
(): Population status unknown. Conservation status estimated.
*: By way of exception for those populations marked by an asterisk, hunting may continue on a sustainable use basis where hunting of such populations is a long-established cultural practice (see paragraph 2.1.1 of Annex 3 to the Agreement).
NOTES
1. The population data used to compile Table 1 as far as possible correspond to the number of individuals in the potential breeding stock in the Agreement area. The status is based on the best available published population estimates.
2. Suffixes (bre) or (win) in population listings are solely aids to population identification. They do not indicate seasonal restrictions to actions in respect of these populations under the Agreement and Action Plan.
3. The brief descriptions used to identify the populations are based on the descriptions used in the third edition of Waterbird Population Estimates.
4. Slash signs (/) are used to separate breeding areas from wintering areas.
5. Where a species' population is listed in Table 1 with multiple categorisations, the obligations of the Action Plan relate to the strictest category listed.
[Ed: For Table, see original document at: http: //www.unep-aewa.org/meetings/en/mop/mop2_docs/resolutions-word/resolution2... ]
Appendix II
WATERBIRD SPECIES TO WHICH THE AGREEMENT APPLIES
SPHENISCIDAE
Spheniscus demersus: African Penguin
GAVIIDAE
Gavia stellata: Red throated Diver
Gavia arctica: Black-throated Diver
Gavia immer: Great Northern Diver
Gavia adamsii: White billed Diver
PODICIPEDIDAE
Tachybaptus ruficollis: Little Grebe
Podiceps cristatus: Great Crested Grebe:
Podiceps grisegena: Red necked Grebe
Podiceps auritus: Slavonian Grebe
Podiceps nigricollis: Black-necked Grebe
PELECANIDAE
Pelecanus onocrotalus: Great White Pelican
Pelecanus rufescens: Pink-backed Pelican
Pelecanus crispus: Dalmatian Pelican
SULIDAE
Sula (Morus) capensis: Cape Gannet
PHALACROCORACIDAE
Phalacrocorax coronatus: Crowned Cormorant
Phalacrocorax pygmeus: Pygmy Cormorant
Phalacrocorax neglectus: Bank Cormorant
Phalacrocorax carbo: Great Cormorant
Phalacrocorax nigrogularis: Socotra Cormorant
Phalacrocorax capensis: Cape Cormorant
ARDEIDAE
Egretta ardesiaca: Black Heron
Egretta vinaceigula: Slaty Egret
Egretta garzetta: Little Egret
Egretta gularis: Western Reef Egret
Egretta dimorpha: Mascarene Reef Egret
Ardea cinerea: Grey Heron
Ardea melanocephala: Black-headed Heron
Ardea purpurea: Purple Heron
Casmerodius albus: Great Egret
Mesophoyx intermedia: Intermediate Egret
Bubulcus ibis: Cattle Egret
Ardeola ralloides: Squacco Heron
Ardeola idae: Madagascar Pond Heron
Ardeola rufiventris: Rufous bellied Heron
Nycticorax nycticorax: Black-crowned Night-Heron
Ixobrychus minutus: Little Bittern
Ixobrychus sturmii: Dwarf Bittern
Botaurus stellaris: Great Bittern
CICONIIDAE
Mycteria ibis: Yellow billed Stork
Anastomus lamelligerus: African Openbill
Ciconia nigra: Black Stork
Ciconia abdimii: Abdim's Stork
Ciconia episcopus: Woolly necked Stork
Ciconia ciconia: White Stork
Leptoptilos crumeniferus: Marabou Stork
BALAENICIPITIDAE
Balaeniceps rex: Shoebill
THRESKIORNITHIDAE
Plegadis falcinellus: Glossy Ibis
Geronticus eremita: Waldrapp
Threskiornis aethiopicus: Sacred Ibis
Platalea leucorodia: Eurasian Spoonbill
Platalea alba: African Spoonbill
PHOENICOPTERIDAE
Phoenicopterus ruber: Greater Flamingo
Phoenicopterus minor: Lesser Flamingo
ANATIDAE
Dendrocygna bicolor: Fulvous Whistling Duck
Dendrocygna viduata: White faced Whistling Duck
Thalassornis leuconotus: White backed Duck
Oxyura leucocephala: White headed Duck
Oxyura maccoa: Maccoa Duck
Cygnus olor: Mute Swan
Cygnus cygnus: Whooper Swan
Cygnus columbianus: Bewick's Swan
Anser brachyrhynchus: Pink footed Goose
Anser fabalis: Bean Goose
Anser albifrons: Greater White fronted Goose
Anser erythropus: Lesser White fronted Goose
Anser anser: Greylag Goose
Branta leucopsis: Barnacle Goose
Branta bernicla: Brent Goose
Branta ruficollis: Red breasted Goose
Alopochen aegyptiacus: Egyptian Goose
Tadorna ferruginea: Ruddy Shelduck
Tadorna cana: South African Shelduck
Tadorna tadorna: Common Shelduck
Plectropterus gambensis: Spur winged Goose
Sarkidiornis melanotos: Comb Duck
Nettapus auritus: African Pygmy goose
Anas penelope: Eurasian Wigeon
Anas strepera: Gadwall
Anas crecca: Common Teal
Anas capensis: Cape Teal
Anas platyrhynchos: Mallard
Anas undulata: Yellow billed Duck
Anas acuta: Northern Pintail
Anas erythrorhyncha: Red billed Duck
Anas hottentota: Hottentot Teal
Anas querquedula: Garganey
Anas clypeata: Northern Shoveler
Marmaronetta angustirostris: Marbled Teal
Netta rufina: Red crested Pochard
Netta erythrophthalma: Southern Pochard
Aythya ferina: Common Pochard
Aythya nyroca: Ferruginous Pochard
Aythya fuligula: Tufted Duck
Aythya marila: Greater Scaup
Somateria mollissima: Common Eider
Somateria spectabilis: King Eider
Polysticta stelleri: Steller's Eider
Clangula hyemalis: Long tailed Duck
Melanitta nigra: Common Scoter
Melanitta fusca: Velvet Scoter
Bucephala clangula: Common Goldeneye
Mergus albellus: Smew
Mergus serrator: Red breasted Merganser
Mergus merganser: Goosander
GRUIDAE
Balearica pavonina: Black Crowned Crane
Balearica regulorum: Grey Crowned Crane
Grus leucogeranus: Siberian Crane
Grus virgo: Demoiselle Crane
Grus paradisea: Blue Crane
Grus carunculatus: Wattled Crane
Grus grus: Common Crane
RALLIDAE
Sarothrura elegans: Buff-spotted Flufftail
Sarothrura boehmi: Streaky breasted Flufftail
Sarothrura ayresi: White-winged Flufftail
Rallus aquaticus: Water Rail
Rallus caerulescens: African Rail
Crecopsis egregia: African Crake
Crex crex: Corncrake
Amaurornis flavirostris: Black Crake
Porzana parva: Little Crake
Porzana pusilla: Baillon's Crake
Porzana porzana: Spotted Crake
Aenigmatolimnas marginalis: Striped Crake
Porphyrio alleni: Allen's Gallinule
Gallinula chloropus: Common Moorhen
Gallinula angulata: Lesser Moorhen
Fulica cristata: Red-knobbed Coot
Fulica atra: Common Coot
DROMADIDAE
Dromas ardeola: Crab Plover
HAEMATOPODIDAE
Haematopus ostralegus: Eurasian Oystercatcher
Haematopus moquini: African Black Oystercatcher
RECURVIROSTRIDAE
Himantopus himantopus: Black winged Stilt
Recurvirostra avosetta: Pied Avocet
BURHINIDAE
Burhinus senegalensis: Senegal Thick-knee
GLAREOLIDAE
Pluvianus aegyptius: Egyptian Plover
Glareola pratincola: Collared Pratincole
Glareola nordmanni: Black winged Pratincole
Glareola ocularis: Madagascar Pratincole
Glareola nuchalis: Rock Pratincole
Glareola cinerea: Grey Pratincole
CHARADRIIDAE
Pluvialis apricaria: Eurasian Golden Plover
Pluvialis fulva: Pacific Golden Plover
Pluvialis squatarola: Grey Plover
Charadrius hiaticula: Common Ringed Plover
Charadrius dubius: Little Ringed Plover
Charadrius pecuarius: Kittlitz's Plover
Charadrius tricollaris: Three banded Plover
Charadrius forbesi: Forbes's Plover
Charadrius pallidus: Chestnut banded Plover
Charadrius alexandrinus: Kentish Plover
Charadrius marginatus: White fronted Plover
Charadrius mongolus: Mongolian Plover
Charadrius leschenaultii: Greater Sandplover
Charadrius asiaticus: Caspian Plover
Eudromias morinellus: Eurasian Dotterel
Vanellus vanellus: Northern Lapwing
Vanellus spinosus: Spur winged Plover
Vanellus albiceps: White headed Lapwing
Vanellus senegallus: Wattled Lapwing
Vanellus lugubris: Senegal Lapwing
Vanellus melanopterus: Black winged Lapwing
Vanellus coronatus: Crowned Lapwing
Vanellus superciliosus: Brown chested Lapwing
Vanellus gregarius: Sociable Plover
Vanellus leucurus: White tailed Plover
SCOLOPACIDAE
Scolopax rusticola: Eurasian Woodcock
Gallinago stenura: Pintail Snipe
Gallinago media: Great Snipe
Gallinago gallinago: Common Snipe
Lymnocryptes minimus: Jack Snipe
Limosa limosa: Black tailed Godwit
Limosa lapponica: Bar tailed Godwit
Numenius phaeopus: Whimbrel
Numenius tenuirostris: Slender billed Curlew
Numenius arquata: Eurasian Curlew
Tringa erythropus: Spotted Redshank
Tringa totanus: Common Redshank
Tringa stagnatilis: Marsh Sandpiper
Tringa nebularia: Common Greenshank
Tringa ochropus: Green Sandpiper
Tringa glareola: Wood Sandpiper
Tringa cinerea: Terek Sandpiper
Tringa hypoleucos: Common Sandpiper
Arenaria interpres: Ruddy Turnstone
Calidris tenuirostris: Great Knot
Calidris canutus: : Red Knot
Calidris alba: Sanderling
Calidris minuta: Little Stint
Calidris temminckii: Temminck's Stint
Calidris maritima: Purple Sandpiper
Calidris alpina: Dunlin
Calidris ferruginea: Curlew Sandpiper
Limicola falcinellus: Broad billed Sandpiper
Philomachus pugnax: Ruff
Phalaropus lobatus: Red necked Phalarope
Phalaropus fulicaria: Grey Phalarope
LARIDAE
Larus leucophthalmus: White-eyed Gull
Larus hemprichii: Sooty Gull
Larus canus: Common Gull
Larus audouinii: Audouin's Gull
Larus marinus: Great Black-backed Gull
Larus dominicanus: Kelp Gull
Larus hyperboreus: Glaucous Gull
Larus glaucoides: Iceland Gull
Larus argentatus: Herring Gull
Larus heuglini: Heuglin's Gull
Larus armenicus: Armenian Gull
Larus cachinnans: Yellow-legged Gull
Larus fuscus: Lesser Black-backed Gull
Larus ichthyaetus: Great Black headed Gull
Larus cirrocephalus: Grey-headed Gull
Larus hartlaubii: Hartlaub's Gull
Larus ridibundus: Common Black-headed Gull
Larus genei: Slender billed Gull
Larus melanocephalus: Mediterranean Gull
Larus minutus: Little Gull
Xema sabini: Sabine's Gull
Sterna nilotica: Gull billed Tern
Sterna caspia: Caspian Tern
Sterna maxima: Royal Tern
Sterna bengalensis: Lesser Crested Tern
Sterna bergii: Great Crested Tern
Sterna sandvicensis: Sandwich Tern
Sterna dougallii: Roseate Tern
Sterna vittata: Antarctic Tern
Sterna hirundo: Common Tern
Sterna paradisaea: Arctic Tern
Sterna albifrons: Little Tern
Sterna saundersi: Saunders's Tern
Sterna balaenarum: Damara Tern
Sterna repressa: White cheeked Tern
Chlidonias hybridus: Whiskered Tern
Chlidonias leucopterus: White winged Tern
Chlidonias niger: Black Tern
RYNCHOPIDAE
Rynchops flavirostris: African Skimmer
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