Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation of Migratory Birds of Prey in Africa and Eurasia
Source: http://www.cms.int/bodies/meetings/regional/birdsofprey/Doc_06_MoU_BOP_F..., downloaded 20091223
The Signatories
Recalling that the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, signed at Bonn on 23 June 1979, calls for international co-operative action to conserve migratory species and that Article IV.4 of that convention encourages Signatories to conclude agreements - including non-legally binding administrative agreements in respect of any populations of migratory species;
Noting that several species of Falconiformes are listed in Appendix I and all of these species in Appendix II of that Convention;
Considering that migratory birds of prey serve as high-level indicators of ecosystem health and climate change across their range;
Recognizing that many populations of birds of prey migrate between and within Africa and Eurasia, crossing the territory of different countries;
Concerned by the considerable number of African-Eurasian migratory species of birds of prey that presently have an unfavourable conservation status at a regional and/or global level and especially by the lack of knowledge of the status and trends of migratory birds of prey in Africa and Asia;
Aware that among the factors which contribute to the unfavourable conservation status of many African-Eurasian birds of prey species are the loss, degradation and fragmentation of habitats, increased mortality and reduced breeding success as a result of unlawful killing (including especially poisoning), unsustainable taking, human economic activities (damaging biodiversity) and land-use practices and that climate change is likely to cause further adverse effects on bird of prey populations;
Mindful that a range of existing multilateral environmental instruments can or do contribute to the conservation of migratory birds of prey but lack a unifying international plan of action;
Convinced of the need for immediate and concerted international actions to conserve African-Eurasian migratory species of birds of prey maintain and restore them in general to favourable conservation status;
Underlining the need to increase awareness to conserve migratory birds of prey in the African-Eurasian region;
Recalling Resolution No. 3 adopted by the VI World Conference on Birds of Prey and Owls held in Budapest, Hungary, 18-23 May 2003, and UNEP/CMS Recommendation 8.12 on Improving the Conservation Status of Birds of Prey and Owls in Africa and Eurasia;
Realising the importance of involving all Range States in the region as well as relevant inter-governmental, non-governmental and private sector organisations in cooperative conservation for migratory birds of prey and their habitats;
Acknowledging that effective implementation and enforcement of such actions will require cooperation between Range States and international and national non-governmental organisations in order to encourage research, training and awareness raising to maintain, restore, manage and monitor birds of prey.
HAVE DECIDED as follows:
Scope and Definitions
1. For the purpose of this Memorandum of Understanding:
a) "Birds of Prey" means migratory populations of Falconiformes and Strigiformes species occurring in Africa and Eurasia, listed in Annex 1 of this Memorandum of Understanding;
b) "Africa and Eurasia" means Range States and territories listed in Annex 2 of this Memorandum of Understanding;
c) "Conservation" means the protection and management, including sustainable use of birds of prey and their habitats, in accordance with the objectives and principles of this Memorandum of Understanding;
d) "Convention" means the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, signed at Bonn on 23 June 1979;
e) "Signatory" means a Signatory to this Memorandum of Understanding in accordance with Paragraph 23 below;
f) "Secretariat" means the Secretariat of the Convention; and
g) "Action Plan" means the Action Plan for the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory birds of prey contained in Annex 3.
In addition, the terms defined in Article I, sub-paragraphs 1 (a) to (i), of the Convention shall have the same meaning, mutatis mutandis, in this Memorandum of Understanding.
2. This Memorandum of Understanding is a legally non-binding agreement under Article IV, paragraph 4 of the Bonn Convention, as defined by Resolution 2.6 adopted at the Second meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention. (Geneva, 11-14 October 1988).
3. The interpretation of any term or provision of this Memorandum of Understanding will be made in accordance with the Convention and/or relevant Resolutions adopted by its Meeting of the Signatories, unless such a term or provision is defined or interpreted differently in this Memorandum of Understanding.
4. The three annexes form an integral part of this Memorandum of Understanding.
Fundamental Principles
5. The Signatories will aim to take co-ordinated measures to achieve and maintain the favourable conservation status of birds of prey throughout their range and to reverse their decline when and where appropriate. To this end, they will endeavour to take, within the limits of their jurisdiction and having regard to their international obligations, the measures specified in Paragraphs 7 and 8, together with the specific actions laid down in the Action Plan.
6. In implementing the measures specified in Paragraph 5 above, Signatories will apply the precautionary principle.
General Conservation Measures
7. The Signatories will strive to adopt, implement and enforce such legal, regulatory and administrative measures as may be appropriate to conserve birds of prey and their habitat.
8. To this end, the Signatories will endeavour to:
a) identify important habitats, significant routes and congregatory sites for birds of prey occurring within their territory and encourage their protection, and/or appropriate management, assessment, rehabilitation and/or restoration;
b) coordinate their efforts to ensure that a network of suitable habitats is maintained or, where appropriate, established inter alia where such habitats extend over the territory of more than one Signatory;
c) investigate problems that are posed or are likely to be posed by human activities or from other causes and will endeavour to implement remedial and preventative measures, including inter alia habitat rehabilitation and habitat restoration, and compensatory measures for loss of habitat;
d) cooperate in emergency situations requiring concerted international action, in developing appropriate emergency procedures to improve the conservation of bird of prey populations and in preparing guidelines to assist individual Signatories in addressing such situations;
e) ensure that any utilisation of birds of prey is based on an assessment using the best available knowledge of their ecology and is sustainable for the species as well as for the ecological systems that support them;
f) take appropriate measures for the recovery of bird populations and re-introduction of birds of prey native to their territory provided that such actions will contribute to their
conservation;
g) take appropriate measures to prevent the introduction into their territory of non-native birds of prey, including hybrids where this would have an adverse effect on the conservation of native biodiversity;
h) encourage research into the biology and ecology of birds of prey, including the harmonization of research and monitoring methods and, where appropriate, the establishment of joint or cooperative research and monitoring programmes;
i) assess training requirements to implement conservation actions and, in cooperation with others where possible, develop appropriate priority training programmes;
j) develop and maintain programmes to raise awareness and understanding of conservation issues relating to birds of prey and their habitat as well as of the objectives and provisions of this Memorandum of Understanding;
k) exchange information and the results from research, monitoring, conservation and education programmes; and
l) cooperate with a view to assisting each other to implement this Memorandum of Understanding, particularly in the areas of research and monitoring.
9. With a view to promoting the conservation status of birds of prey, Signatories may encourage other Range States to sign this Memorandum of Understanding.
Implementation and Reporting
10. Each Signatory will designate a contact point for all matters relating to the implementation of this Memorandum of Understanding; and communicate the name and address of that contact point to the Coordinating unit once established. Before the establishment of the Coordinating Unit such duties will be undertaken by an Interim Coordinating Unit designated by the Secretariat.
11. An Interim Coordinating Unit will be established, in collaboration with the authorities of the Environment Agency - Abu Dhabi, immediately after the conclusion of this Memorandum of Understanding. The Interim Coordinating Unit will operate until the establishment of a permanent Coordinating Unit under paragraph 16, and carry out similar functions.
12. Within two years of this Memorandum of Understanding becoming effective, Signatories will aim to prepare and submit to the Interim Coordinating Unit where appropriate a national or regional (e.g. EU) strategy or equivalent documents (e.g. Single Species Action Plans) for category 1 and, where appropriate, category 2 species in Table 1 in the Action Plan.
13. The Meeting of the Signatories will be the decision-making body of this Memorandum of Understanding. The Meeting will elect a Chairman and consider for adoption the rules of procedure recommended by the Secretariat. Meetings will be arranged wherever possible to coincide with other appropriate gatherings where the relevant representatives would be present. Any agency or body technically qualified in such matters may be represented at sessions of the Meeting of the Signatories by observers, unless at least one third of the Signatories present object. Participation will be subject to the rules of procedure adopted by the Meeting.
14. The first session of the Meeting of the Signatories will be convened as soon as possible after at least three quarters of those that were Signatories at the time this Memorandum of Understanding has become effective.
15. At the first session, the Interim Coordinating Unit will present an overview report compiled on the basis of all information at its disposal pertaining to birds of prey. The first session will also adopt a format for and schedule of regular progress reports on implementing the strategies or equivalent measures. At its first session the meeting will adopt a procedure for amending the Annexes to the Memorandum of Understanding and it will also make such arrangements as may be necessary for convening subsequent sessions of the Meeting of Signatories.
16. At its first session, the Meeting of the Signatories in collaboration with the Secretariat will establish a Coordinating Unit which will assist communication, encourage reporting and facilitate activities between and among Signatories, other interested States and organisations. The Coordinating Unit will make available to all of the Signatories all of the strategies and equivalent documents it receives, prepare an overview of progress in implementation of the Action Plan six months before the second and subsequent sessions of Signatories, and perform such other functions as may be assigned by the Meeting of Signatories. The Coordinating Unit will be based in the office of an appropriate national, regional, or international organisation as agreed by consensus of the Signatories at their first session, after consideration of all offers received.
17. The Coordinating Unit will compile the national and international progress reports and make them available to all Signatories and Range States. In respect of the compilation of the first national and international progress report, this function will be undertaken by the Interim Coordinating Unit.
18. Signatories that are also Parties to the Convention will in their national report to the Conference of the Parties to the Convention make specific reference to activities undertaken in relation to this Memorandum of Understanding.
19. The Signatories will endeavour to exchange without undue delay the scientific, technical, legal and other information needed to co-ordinate conservation measures and cooperate with other Range States, appropriate international organisations, national non-governmental organisations and scientists with a view to developing co-operative research and facilitating the implementation of this Memorandum of Understanding.
20. The Signatories will endeavour to finance from national and other sources the implementation in their territory of the measures necessary for the conservation of birds of prey. In addition, they will endeavour to assist each other in the implementation and financing of key points of the Action Plan, and seek assistance from other sources for the financing and implementation of their strategies or equivalent measures.
Final Provisions
21. This Memorandum of Understanding is concluded for an indefinite period.
22. This Memorandum of Understanding may be amended at any Meeting of the Signatories. Any amendment adopted will become effective on the date of its adoption by the Meeting by consensus. The Secretariat will communicate the text of any amendment so adopted to all Signatories and to all other Range States.
23. Nothing in this Memorandum of Understanding will prevent any of the Signatories adopting stricter measures for the conservation of birds of prey on its territory.
24. The Signatories will review at each session of the Meeting of Signatories this Memorandum of Understanding, including the operational, administrative and institutional arrangements for implementation.
25. Nothing in this Memorandum of Understanding will bind any of the Signatories either jointly or severally.
26. This Memorandum of Understanding will be open for signature indefinitely at the seat of the CMS Secretariat to all Range States of Africa-Eurasian birds of prey and to any regional economic integration organisation.
27. Inter-Governmental and international and national non-governmental organisations may associate themselves with this Memorandum of Understanding through their signature as co-operating partners, in particular with the implementation of the Action Plan in accordance with article VII, paragraph 9 of the Convention of Migratory Species.
28. This Memorandum of Understanding will become effective on the first day of the month following the date on which there are at least eight Range State Signatories including at least two each from Europe, Asia and Africa. Thereafter, it will become effective for any other Signatory on the first day of the month following the date of signature by that Signatory.
29. Any Signatory may withdraw from this Memorandum of Understanding by written notification to the Secretariat. The withdrawal will take effect for that Signatory six months after the date on which the Secretariat has received the notification.
30. The Secretariat will be the Depositary of this Memorandum of Understanding.
31. The working language for all matters relating to this Memorandum of Understanding, including meetings, documents and correspondence, will be English and French.
Annex 1
LIST OF AFRICAN-EURASIAN MIGRATORY BIRDS OF PREY
FALCONIFORMES
Pandionidae
Pandion haliaetus - Osprey
Accipitridae
Aviceda cuculoides - African Baza
Aviceda jerdoni - Jerdon's Baza
Aviceda leuphotes - Black Baza
Pernis apivorus - European Honey-buzzard
Pernis ptilorhyncus - Oriental Honey-buzzard
Chelictinia riocourii - African Swallow-tailed Kite
Milvus lineatus - Black-eared Kite
Milvus milvus - Red Kite
Milvus migrans - Black Kite
Haliaeetus leucoryphus - Pallas's Fish-eagle
Haliaeetus albicilla - White-tailed Eagle
Haliaeetus pelagicus - Steller's Sea-eagle
Neophron percnopterus - Egyptian Vulture
Gyps fulvus - Griffon Vulture
Aegypius monachus - Cinereous Vulture
Circaetus gallicus - Short-toed Snake-eagle
Circus aeruginosus - Western Marsh-harrier
Circus spilonotus - Eastern Marsh-harrier
Circus maurus - Black Harrier
Circus cyaneus - Northern Harrier
Circus macrourus - Pallid Harrier
Circus melanoleucos - Pied Harrier
Circus pygargus - Montagu's Harrier
Accipiter badius - Shikra
Accipiter brevipes - Levant Sparrowhawk
Accipiter soloensis - Chinese Goshawk
Accipiter gularis - Japanese Sparrowhawk
Accipiter virgatus - Besra
Accipiter ovampensis - Ovampo Sparrowhawk
Accipiter nisus - Eurasian Sparrowhawk
Accipiter gentilis - Northern Goshawk
Butastur rufipennis - Grasshopper Buzzard
Butastur indicus - Grey-faced Buzzard
Buteo buteo - Common Buzzard
Buteo oreophilus - Mountain Buzzard
Buteo rufinus - Long-legged Buzzard
Buteo hemilasius - Upland Buzzard
Buteo lagopus - Rough-legged Buzzard
Buteo auguralis - Red-necked Buzzard
Aquila pomarina - Lesser Spotted Eagle
Aquila clanga - Greater Spotted Eagle
Aquila rapax - Tawny Eagle
Aquila nipalensis - Steppe Eagle
Aquila adalberti - Spanish Imperial Eagle
Aquila heliaca - Eastern Imperial Eagle
Aquila wahlbergi - Wahlberg's Eagle
Aquila chrysaetos - Golden Eagle
Hieraaetus pennatus - Booted Eagle
Spizaetus nipalensis - Mountain Hawk-eagle
Falconidae
Falco naumanni - Lesser Kestrel
Falco tinnunculus - Common Kestrel
Falco alopex - Fox Kestrel
Falco vespertinus - Red-footed Falcon
Falco amurensis - Amur Falcon
Falco eleonorae - Eleonora's Falcon
Falco concolor - Sooty Falcon
Falco columbarius - Merlin
Falco subbuteo - Eurasian Hobby
Falco severus - Oriental Hobby
Falco biarmicus - Lanner Falcon
Falco cherrug - Saker Falcon
Falco rusticolus - Gyrfalcon
Falco peregrinus - Peregrine Falcon
Falco pelegrinoides - Barbary Falcon
STRIGIFORMES
Strigidae
Otus brucei - Pallid Scops-owl
Otus scops - Common Scops-owl
Otus sunia - Oriental Scops-owl
Nyctea scandiaca - Snowy Owl
Strix uralensis - Ural Owl
Strix nebulosa - Great Grey Owl
Surnia ulula - Northern Hawk Owl
Aegolius funereus - Boreal Owl
Ninox scutulata - Brown Hawk-owl
Asio otus - Long-eared Owl
Asio flammeus - Short-eared Owl
Annex 2
Map of the area included within this Memorandum of Understanding
[Editor: This table had formatting that was more complicated than could be readily reproduced here. For these tables, please see the original source document, as identified at the top of this document.]
Only those Range States and territories listed below, and shown in black on this map, are included within the scope of this MoU.
Afrotropical realm
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Congo, Democratic Republic of
Côte d'Ivoire
Djibouti
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Sâo Tomé and Principe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Palearctic realm
Afghanistan,
Albania
Algeria
Andorra
Armenia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahrain
Belarus
Belgium
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bulgaria
China
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark, including Faroe
Islands and Greenland
Egypt
Estonia
Finland, including Åland Islands
France, including Mayotte and Réunion
Georgia
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Hungary
Iceland
Iran
Iraq
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Latvia
Lebanon
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
The Former Yougoslav
Republic of Macedonia
Malta
Mauritania
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Montenegro
Morocco
Netherlands
Norway, including Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands
Oman
Palestinian Authority Territories
Russia
San Marino
Saudi Arabia
Poland
Portugal
Qatar
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain, (including the Canary Islands)
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
Tajikistan
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom and Northern Ireland, including the Bailiwick of Guernsey, the Bailiwick of Jersey, the Isle of Man, Gibraltar and the Sovereign Base Areas in Cyprus (Akrotiri and
Okehelia)
Uzbekistan
Vatican City
Yemen
Indo-Malayan realm
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Annex 3
ACTION PLAN FOR THE CONSERVATION OF MIGRATORY BIRDS OF PREY
IN AFRICA AND EURASIA
1. General Aim
The general aim is to ensure that all populations of African-Eurasian migratory birds of prey (including owls) are maintained in, or returned to, Favourable Conservation Status within the meaning of Article 1(c) of the Convention.
2. Objectives
For the effective period of this Action Plan, the following objectives are set:
a) To halt and reverse the population declines[1] of globally threatened (Critically Endangered, Endangered and Vulnerable) and Near Threatened birds of prey and alleviate threats to them such that they are no longer globally threatened or Near Threatened;
b) To halt and reverse the population declines of other birds of prey with an Unfavourable Conservation Status within Africa and Eurasia and alleviate threats to them in order to return their populations to Favourable Conservation Status; and
c) To anticipate, reduce and avoid potential and new threats to all bird of prey species, especially to prevent the populations of any species undergoing long-term decline.
3. Species Categories
3.1. The bird of prey species included in Annex 1 of this Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) are assigned within the following categories:
Category 1: Globally threatened and Near Threatened species as defined according to the latest IUCN Red List and listed as such in the BirdLife International World Bird Database;
Category 2: Species considered to have Unfavourable Conservation Status at a regional level within the Range States and territories listed in Annex 2 to the MoU; and
Category 3: all other migratory species.
3.2. The species in Annex 1 of this MoU are assigned to the categories provided for in paragraph 3.1 as given in Table 1, for the effective period of this Action Plan, unless Table 1 is amended in accordance with a procedure to be agreed by the Signatories at the first session of the Meeting of Signatories.
4. Priority Actions
Taking into account the predicted impacts of threats and opportunities for reducing them, the actions for achieving the objectives given in paragraph 2 are considered to be:
a. Protecting all species from unlawful killing, including poisoning, shooting, persecution, and unsustainable exploitation;
b. Promoting, as far as possible, high environmental standards, including through Environmental Impact Assessments, in the planning and construction of structures to minimise their impact on species, particularly by collision and electrocution, and seeking to minimise the impact of existing structures where it becomes evident that they constitute a negative impact for the species concerned;
c. Conserving bird of prey habitats by encouraging an Ecosystem Approach to sustainable development and sectoral land use practices, as envisaged in the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Ecosystem Approach (CBD V/6 and VII/11);
d. Protecting and/or appropriately managing important sites: especially where Category 1 species breed, and all migration bottlenecks (known important sites are listed in Table 3);
e. Taking into account the needs of bird of prey conservation in sectors and related policies such as agriculture, forestry, fisheries, industries, tourism, energy, chemicals and pesticides;
f. Raising awareness about birds of prey, their current plight and the threats that they face, and the measures that need to be taken to conserve them;
g. Assessing and monitoring of populations throughout the Range States to establish reliable population trends; conducting research to establish the impacts of threats on them and the measures that are needed to alleviate them; and, sharing information between Signatories and other Range States;
h. Conducting research on species ecology and migratory behaviour, including analysing available data in order to describe flyway boundaries and migratory patterns, and routes, at the level of species' populations; and
i. Building capacity for conservation actions (in relevant institutions and local communities) by developing knowledge and monitoring of birds of prey.
5. Implementation Framework
5.1. Activities The principal activities Signatories ought to undertake in order to implement the general provisions of the MoU and the specific issues addressed in this Action Plan are set out in Table 2. These activities will be addressed by the strategies, or equivalent documents, as envisaged by paragraph 12 of the MoU. The Coordinating Unit as envisaged by paragraph 16 of the MoU will assist signatories with implementation.
5.2. Priorities The activities in Table 2 are accorded the following orders of priority:
First: an activity needed to prevent global extinction of a species.
Second: an activity needed to prevent or reverse population declines in any globally threatened or Near Threatened species, or the majority of other species with an Unfavourable Conservation Status.
Third: an activity needed to restore populations of a globally threatened or Near Threatened species, or to prevent population declines in any species with an Unfavourable Conservation Status.
Fourth: an activity needed to restore populations in any species with an Unfavourable Conservation Status, or to prevent population declines in any species with a Favourable Conservation Status.
These priorities ought to be taken into account in the preparation of strategies, or equivalent documents, for birds of prey as envisaged under paragraph 12 of the MoU.
5.3. Time schedule The activities in Table 2 are accorded the following time schedules:
Immediate: an activity expected to be completed within two years from the date that the MoU has become effective for that Signatory;
Short term: an activity expected to be completed within three years from the date that the MoU has become effective for that Signatory;
Medium: an activity expected to be completed within five years from the date that the MoU has become effective for that Signatory;
Long term: an activity expected to be completed within seven years from the date that the MoU has become effective for that Signatory; and
Ongoing: an activity expected to be undertaken throughout the period that the MoU is effective for that Signatory.
5.4. Responsibilities The organisations expected to lead on the various activities are indicated in Table 2. Signatories are urged to encourage the full range of necessary organisations to participate in the implementation of this Action Plan whether or not they are currently Signatories to the MoU.
5.5. Targets The Coordinating Unit will monitor the progress and efficacy of this Action Plan according to the performance targets for certain activities given in Table 2.
6. Synergy with MEAs
Insofar as a Range State or a Regional Economic Integration Organisation (REIO) Signatory which is represented as a Signatory to this Memorandum of Understanding is also Contracting Party to one or more Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) that has or have provisions that achieve or otherwise assist the aims, objectives and activities of this Action Plan, such MEAs will be applied as appropriate and to their full extent in the first instance.
7. Progress Reports
Taking advice from Signatories on their progress in implementing this Action Plan as envisaged in paragraphs 12 and 14 of the MoU, the Secretariat will report on progress with implementing the Action Plan in accordance with paragraph 15 of the MoU.
8. Period of Effectiveness
This Action Plan comes into effect on the same date as the MoU for a period of seven years. At least two years before the expiry of this period, a full review of the Action Plan will be undertaken and a revised version prepared for the approval of the Signatories.
Table 1: Categorisation of African-Eurasian birds of prey covered by the Action Plan(1, 2)
Category 1
Scientific name: Vernacular name: Red List status(3)
Falco naumanni: Lesser Kestrel: VU
Falco vespertinus: Red-footed Falcon: NT
Falco concolor: Sooty Falcon: NT
Falco cherrug: Saker Falcon: EN
Milvus milvus: Red Kite: NT
Haliaeetus leucoryphus: Pallas's Fish-eagle: VU
Haliaeetus pelagicus: Steller's Sea-eagle: VU
Aegypius monachus: Cinereous Vulture: NT
Circus maurus: Black Harrier: VU
Circus macrourus: Pallid Harrier: NT
Aquila clanga: Greater Spotted Eagle: VU
Aquila adalberti: Spanish Imperial Eagle: VU
Aquila heliaca: Eastern Imperial Eagle: VU
Neophron percnopterus: Egyptian Vulture: EN
Category 2(4)
Scientific name - Vernacular name
Falco tinnunculus - Common Kestrel
Falco eleonorae - Eleonora's Falcon
Falco biarmicus - Lanner Falcon
Falco rusticolus - Gyrfalcon
Pandion haliaetus - Osprey
Pernis ptilorhyncus - Oriental Honey-buzzard
Chelictinia riocourii - African Swallow-tailed Kite
Milvus migrans - Black Kite
Milvus lineatus - Black-eared Kite
Haliaeetus albicilla - White-tailed Eagle
Circaetus gallicus - Short-toed Snake-eagle
Circus spilonotus - Eastern Marsh-harrier
Circus cyaneus - Northern Harrier
Accipiter brevipes - Levant Sparrowhawk
Butastur indicus - Grey-faced Buzzard
Buteo rufinus - Long-legged Buzzard
Buteo hemilasius - Upland Buzzard
Aquila pomarina - Lesser Spotted Eagle
Aquila rapax - Tawny Eagle
Aquila nipalensis - Steppe Eagle
Aquila chrysaetos - Golden Eagle
Hieraaetus pennatus - Booted Eagle
Otus brucei Pallid - Scops-owl
Otus scops Common - Scops-owl
Nyctea scandiaca - Snowy Owl
Asio flammeus - Short-eared Owl
Category 3(5)
Scientific name - Vernacular name
Falco alopex - Fox Kestrel
Falco amurensis - Amur Falcon
Falco columbarius - Merlin
Falco subbuteo - Eurasian Hobby
Falco severus - Oriental Hobby
Falco peregrinus - Peregrine Falcon
Falco pelegrinoides - Barbary Falcon
Aviceda cuculoides - African Baza
Aviceda jerdoni - Jerdon's Baza
Aviceda leuphotes - Black Baza
Pernis apivorus - European Honey-buzzard
Gyps fulvus - Griffon Vulture
Circus aeruginosus - Western Marsh-harrier
Circus melanoleucos - Pied Harrier
Circus pygargus - Montagu's Harrier
Accipiter badius- Shikra
Accipiter soloensis - Chinese Goshawk
Accipiter gularis - Japanese Sparrowhawk
Accipiter virgatus - Besra
Accipiter ovampensis - Ovampo Sparrowhawk
Accipiter nisus - Eurasian Sparrowhawk
Accipiter gentilis - Northern Goshawk
Butastur rufipennis - Grasshopper Buzzard
Buteo buteo - Common Buzzard
Buteo oreophilus - Mountain Buzzard
Buteo lagopus - Rough-legged Buzzard
Buteo auguralis - Red-necked Buzzard
Aquila wahlbergi - Wahlberg's Eagle
Spizaetus nipalensis - Mountain Hawk-eagle
Otus sunia - Oriental Scops-owl
Strix uralensis - Ural Owl
Strix nebulosa - Great Grey Owl
Surnia ulula - Northern Hawk Owl
Aegolius funereus - Boreal Owl
Ninox scutulata - Brown Hawk-owl
Asio otus - Long-eared Owl
Notes
(1) Listed in Annex 1 of this MoU
(2) Some species have uncertain migratory status and are not currently included in Annex 1 of this MoU
(3) Globally threatened and Near Threatened species as defined by IUCN and listed on BirdLife International's World Bird Database (EN = Endangered; VU = Vulnerable; NT = Near Threatened) as at 2008
(4) Species that are considered to have Unfavourable Conservation Status at a regional level within the area (defined in Annex 2) of the MoU
(5) All other migratory species
Table 2: Activities to be done under paragraph 5 of the Action Plan
[Editor: This table had formatting that was more complicated than could be readily reproduced here. For these tables, please see the original source document, as identified at the top of this document.]
Table 3: Provisional list of Important Bird Areas that are currently known to be important congregatory bird of prey sites in Africa and Eurasia
These include sites that qualify according to global and regional criteria for globally threatened species and congregations of migratory birds.
This indicative list should be treated as a minimum list of internationally important areas.
Armenia
Shirak plateau
Lori plateau
Gegama range
Sisian plateau
Pamlak-Sevan ranges
Azerbaijan
Gyzylagach
Goychay Bozdag Mountains
Zagatala
Goy-gol
Shahelili Cape
Bulgaria
Atanasovo lake
Mandra-Poda complex
China (mainland)
Beidaihe
Changdao Islands
Changtang plateau
Laotieshan Nature Reserve
Denmark
Gilleleje area
Hellebæk
Korshage, Hundested and surrounding sea area
Marstal Bugt and the coast of south-west Langeland
Skagen
Stevns
Djibouti
Kadda Guéïni - Doumêra
Egypt
Ain Sukhna
El Qa plain
Gebel El Zeit
Ras Mohammed National Park
Suez
Finland
Merenkurkku archipelago
France
Basses Corbieres
Col de l'Escrinet
Col de Lizarrieta
Etangs de Leucate et Lapalme
Etangs Narbonnais
Gorges de la Dordogne
Haute chaîne du Jura:
défilé de l'écluse, Etournel et Mont Vuache
Haute Soule : Forêt d'Irraty, Organbidexka et Pic des Escaliers
Hautes Corbières
Hautes garrigues du Montpellierais
Massif du Canigou- Carança
Montagne de la Clape
Montagne de la Serre
Monts et Plomb du Cantal
Pointe de Grave
Val d'Allier : Saint-Yorre- Joze
Val de Drôme: Les Ramières-printegarde
Vallée de la Nive des Aldudes-Col de Lindux
Georgia
Batumi
Meskheti
Khevi
Gibraltar (to UK)
Rock of Gibraltar
Greece
North, east and south
Kithira Island
Iraq
Samara dam
Israel
Cliffs of Zin and the Negev highlands
Hulu valley
Jezre'el, Harod and Bet
She'an valleys
Judean desert
Judean foothills
Northern Arava valley
Northern lower Jordan valley
Northern Arava valley and Elat Mountains
Western Negev
Italy
Aspromonte
Cape Otranto
Costa Viola
Maritime Alps
Mount Beigua
Mount Conero
Mount Grappa
Peloritani mountains
Piave river
Jordan
Aqaba Mountains
Jordan valley
Petra area
Wadi Dana - Finan
Wadi Mujib
Kuwait
Al-Jahra Pool Nature Reserve
Latvia
Slitere Nature Reserve
Lebanon
Ammiq swamp
Lithuania
Kuronian spit
Madagascar
Analahjirofo
Itasy
Analamanga
Anosy
Melaky
Malta
Buskett and Wied il-Luq
Mongolia
Erdenesane
Eejkhad
Ikh Nart Nature reserve
Khomjil
Galba Gobi
Yazaar mountain
Morocco
Cap Spartel - Perdicaris
Jbel Moussa
Palestinian Authority Territories
Jericho
Northern Lower JordanValley
Portugal
South-west coast of Portugal
Russia
Caucasus Biosphere Reserve
Chudsko-Pskovski Lake and adjacent areas
Delta of the River Don
Irendyk ridge
South Baikal migratory corridor
Teberdinski Nature Reserve
Saudi Arabia
Farasan
Wadi Jizan
Spain
Bujeo, Ojén, del Niño and Blanquilla mountain ranges
Cabras, Aljibe and Montecoche mountain range
Cadí mountains
Ceuta
De la Plata mountain range
Guadalquivir marshes
La Janda
Roncesvalles-Irati-Abodi mountain range
Tarifa
Sudan
Arqeet
Port Sdan
Al Allagi
Kasala
Al Faaw
Al Malha Neyala
Sweden
Bay of Skälderviken
Falsterbo-Bay of Foteviken
Switzerland
Pre-alpine region of Gurnigel
Syria
Jabal Slenfeh
Tunisia
Djebel el Haouari
Turkey
Bosporus
North-east Turkey
Nur Mountains
Yemen
Area of Al Kadan
Bab El Mendab - Dubab
Wadi Mawzii
Mafraq Al Makha
Wadi Rajaf
Wadi Toaz - Wadi
Rasiane
Jabal Iref wa Khar
Footnotes
[1] Population decline is taken to mean a reduction in abundance or range
