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Paragraphs in "International Tropical Timber Agreement" coded as

Label Provision
Art.26.4 4. The committees and subsidiary bodies referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this article shall be responsible to, and work under the general direction of, the Council. Meetings of the committees and subsidiary bodies shall be convened by the Council.
Art.27 Article 27
Art.27.1 1. The Committee on Economic Information and Market Intelligence shall:
Art.27.1.a (a) Keep under review the availability and quality of statistics and other information required by the Organization;
Art.27.1.b (b) Analyse the statistical data and specific indicators as decided by the Council for the monitoring of international timber trade;
Art.27.1.c (c) Keep under continuous review the international timber market, its current situation and short-term prospects on the basis of the data mentioned in subparagraph (b) above and other relevant information, including information related to undocumented trade;
Art.27.1.d (d) Make recommendations to the Council on the need for, and nature of, appropriate studies on tropical timber, including prices, market elasticity, market substitutability, marketing of new products, and long-term prospects of the international tropical timber market, and monitor and review any studies commissioned by the Council;
Art.27.1.e (e) Carry out any other tasks related to the economic, technical and statistical aspects of timber assigned to it by the Council;
Art.27.1.f (f) Assist in the provision of technical cooperation to developing member countries to improve their relevant statistical services.
Art.27.2 2. The Committee on Reforestation and Forest Management shall:
Art.27.2.a (a) Promote cooperation between members as partners in development of forest activities in member countries, inter alia, in the following areas:
Art.27.2.a.i (i) Reforestation;
Art.27.2.a.ii (ii) Rehabilitation;
Art.27.2.a.iii (iii) Forest management;
Art.27.2.b (b) Encourage the increase of technical assistance and transfer of technology in the fields of reforestation and forest management to developing countries;
Art.27.2.c (c) Follow up on-going activities in this field, and identify and consider problems and possible solutions to them in cooperation with the competent organizations;
Art.27.2.d (d) Review regularly the future needs of international trade in industrial tropical timber and, on this basis, identify and consider appropriate possible schemes and measures in the field of reforestation, rehabilitation and forest management;
Art.27.2.e (e) Facilitate the transfer of knowledge in the field of reforestation and forest management with the assistance of competent organizations;
Art.27.2.f (f) Coordinate and harmonize these activities for cooperation in the field of reforestation and forest management with relevant activities pursued elsewhere, such as those under the auspices of the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), the World Bank, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), regional development banks and other competent organizations.
Art.27.3 3. The Committee on Forest Industry shall:
Art.27.3.a (a) Promote cooperation between member countries as partners in the development of processing activities in producing member countries, inter alia, in the following areas:
Art.27.3.a.i (i) Product development through transfer of technology;
Art.27.3.a.ii (ii) Human resources development and training;
Art.27.3.a.iii (iii) Standardization of nomenclature of tropical timber;
Art.27.3.a.iv (iv) Harmonization of specifications of processed products;
Art.27.3.a.v (v) Encouragement of investment and joint ventures; and
Art.27.3.a.vi (vi) Marketing including the promotion of lesser known and lesser used species;
Art.27.3.b (b) Promote the exchange of information in order to facilitate structural changes involved in increased and further processing in the interests of all member countries, in particular developing member countries;
Art.27.3.c (c) Follow up on-going activities in this field, and identify and consider problems and possible solutions to them in cooperation with the competent organizations;
Art.27.3.d (d) Encourage the increase of technical cooperation for the processing of tropical timber for the benefit of producing member countries.
Art.27.4 4. In order to promote the policy and project work of the Organization in a balanced manner, the Committee on Economic Information and Market Intelligence, the Committee on Reforestation and Forest Management and the Committee on Forest Industry shall each:
Art.27.4.a (a) Be responsible for ensuring the effective appraisal, monitoring and evaluation of pre-projects and projects;
Art.27.4.b (b) Make recommendations to the Council relating to pre-projects and projects;
Art.27.4.c (c) Follow up the implementation of pre-projects and projects and provide for the collection and dissemination of their results as widely as possible for the benefit of all members;
Art.27.4.d (d) Develop and advance policy ideas to the Council;
Art.27.4.e (e) Review regularly the results of project and policy work and make recommendations to the Council on the future of the Organization's programme;
Art.27.4.f (f) Review regularly the strategies, criteria and priority areas for programme development and project work contained in the Organization's Action Plan and recommend revisions to the Council;
Art.27.4.g (g) Take account of the need to strengthen capacity-building and human resource development in member countries;
Art.27.4.h (h) Carry out any other task related to the objectives of this Agreement assigned to them by the Council.
Art.27.5 5. Research and development shall be a common function of the Committees referred to in paragraphs 1, 2, and 3 of this article.
Art.27.6 6. The Committee on Finance and Administration shall:
Art.27.6.a (a) Examine and make recommendations to the Council regarding the approval of the Organization's administrative budget proposals and the management operations of the Organization;
Art.27.6.b (b) Review the assets of the Organization to ensure prudent asset management and that the Organization has sufficient reserves to carry out its work;
Art.27.6.c (c) Examine and make recommendations to the Council on the budgetary implications of the Organization's annual work programme, and the actions that might be taken to secure the resources needed to implement it;
Art.27.6.d (d) Recommend to the Council the choice of independent auditors and review the independent audited statements;
Art.27.6.e (e) Recommend to the Council any modifications it may judge necessary to the Rules of Procedure or the Financial Rules;
Art.27.6.f (f) Review the Organization's revenues and the extent to which they constrain the work of the Secretariat;
Sect.8 CHAPTER VIII. RELATIONSHIP WITH THE COMMON FUND FOR COMMODITIES
Art.28 Article 28
Art.28.1x The Organization shall take full advantage of the facilities of the Common Fund for Commodities.
Sect.9 CHAPTER IX. STATISTICS, STUDIES AND INFORMATION
Art.29 Article 29
Art.29.1 1. The Council shall establish close relationships with relevant intergovernmental, governmental and non-governmental organizations, in order to help ensure the availability of recent reliable data and information on the trade in tropical timber, as well as relevant information on non-tropical timber and on the management of timber producing forests. As deemed necessary for the operation of this Agreement, the Organization, in cooperation with such organizations, shall compile, collate and, where relevant, publish statistical information on production, supply, trade, stocks, consumption and market prices of timber, the extent of timber resources and the management of timber producing forests.
Art.29.2 2. Members shall, to the fullest extent possible not inconsistent with their national legislation, furnish, within a reasonable time, statistics and information on timber, its trade and the activities aimed at achieving sustainable management of timber producing forests as well as other relevant information as requested by the Council. The Council shall decide on the type of information to be provided under this paragraph and on the format in which it is to be presented.
Art.29.3 3. The Council shall arrange to have any relevant studies undertaken of the trends and of short- and long-term problems of the international timber markets and of the progress towards the achievement of sustainable management of timber producing forests.
Art.30 Article 30
Art.30.1 1. The Council shall, within six months after the close of each calendar year, publish an annual report on its activities and such other information as it considers appropriate.
Art.30.2 2. The Council shall annually review and assess:
Art.30.2.a (a) The international timber situation;
Art.30.2.b (b) Other factors, issues and developments considered relevant to achieve the objectives of this Agreement.
Art.30.3 3. The review shall be carried out in the light of:
Art.30.3.a (a) Information supplied by members in relation to national production, trade, supply, stocks, consumption and prices of timber;
Art.30.3.b (b) Other statistical data and specific indicators provided by members as requested by the Council;
Art.30.3.c (c) Information supplied by members on their progress towards the sustainable management of their timber producing forests;
Art.30.3.d (d) Such other relevant information as may be available to the Council either directly or through the organizations in the United Nations system and intergovernmental, governmental or non-governmental organizations.
Art.30.4 4. The Council shall promote the exchange of views among member countries regarding:
Art.30.4.a (a) The status of sustainable management of timber producing forests and related matters in member countries;
Art.30.4.b (b) Resource flows and requirements in relation to objectives, criteria and guidelines set by the Organization.
Art.30.5 5. Upon request, the Council shall endeavour to enhance the technical capacity of member countries, in particular developing member countries, to obtain the data necessary for adequate information-sharing, including the provision of resources for training and facilities to members.
Art.30.6 6. The results of the review shall be included in the reports of the Council's deliberations.
Sect.10 CHAPTER X. MISCELLANEOUS
Art.31 Article 31
Art.31.1x Any complaint that a member has failed to fulfil its obligations under this Agreement and any dispute concerning the interpretation or application of this Agreement shall be referred to the Council for decision. Decisions of the Council on these matters shall be final and binding.
Art.32 Article 32
Art.32.1 1. Members shall, for the duration of this Agreement, use their best endeavours and cooperate to promote the attainment of its objectives and to avoid any action contrary thereto.
Art.32.2 2. Members undertake to accept and carry out the decisions of the Council under the provisions of this Agreement and shall refrain from implementing measures which would have the effect of limiting or running counter to them.
Art.33 Article 33
Art.33.1 1. Where it is necessary on account of exceptional circumstances or emergency or force majeure not expressly provided for in this Agreement, the Council may, by special vote, relieve a member of an obligation under this Agreement if it is satisfied by an explanation from that member regarding the reasons why the obligation cannot be met.
Art.33.2 2. The Council, in granting relief to a member under paragraph 1 of this article, shall state explicitly the terms and conditions on which, and the period for which, the member is relieved of such obligation, and the reasons for which the relief is granted.
Art.34 Article 34
Art.34.1 1. Developing importing members whose interests are adversely affected by measures taken under this Agreement may apply to the Council for appropriate differential and remedial measures. The Council shall consider taking appropriate measures in accordance with section III, paragraphs 3 and 4, of resolution 93 (IV) of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
Art.34.2 2. Members in the category of least developed countries as defined by the United Nations may apply to the Council for special measures in accordance with section III, paragraph 4, of resolution 93 (IV) and with paragraphs 56 and 57 of the Paris Declaration and Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the 1990s.
Art.35 Article 35
Art.35.1x The Council shall review the scope of this Agreement four years after its entry into force.
Art.36 Article 36
Art.36.1x Nothing in this Agreement authorizes the use of measures to restrict or ban international trade in, and in particular as they concern imports of and utilization of, timber and timber products.
Sect.11 CHAPTER XI. FINAL PROVISIONS
Art.37 Article 37
Art.37.1x The Secretary-General of the United Nations is hereby designated as the depositary of this Agreement.
Art.38 Article 38
Art.38.1 1. This Agreement shall be open for signature, at United Nations Headquarters from 1 April 1994 until one month after the date of its entry into force, by Governments invited to the United Nations Conference for the Negotiation of a Successor Agreement to the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983.
Art.38.2 2. Any Government referred to in paragraph 1 of this article may:
Art.38.2.a (a) At the time of signing this Agreement, declare that by such signature it expresses its consent to be bound by this Agreement (definitive signature); or
Art.38.2.b (b) After signing this Agreement, ratify, accept or approve it by the deposit of an instrument to that effect with the depositary.
Art.39 Article 39
Art.39.1 1. This Agreement shall be open for accession by the Governments of all States upon conditions established by the Council, which shall include a time limit for the deposit of instruments of accession. The Council may, however, grant extensions of time to Governments which are unable to accede by the time-limit set in the conditions of accession.
Art.39.2 2. Accession shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument of accession with the depositary.
Art.40 Article 40
Art.40.1x A signatory Government which intends to ratify, accept or approve this Agreement, or a Government for which the Council has established conditions for accession but which has not yet been able to deposit its instrument, may, at any time, notify the depositary that it will apply this Agreement provisionally either when it enters into force in accordance with article 41, or, if it is already in force, at a specified date.
Art.41 Article 41
Art.41.1 1. This Agreement shall enter into force definitively on 1 February 1995 or on any date thereafter, if 12 Governments of producing countries holding at least 55 per cent of the total votes as set out in annex A to this Agreement, and 16 Governments of consuming countries holding at least 70 per cent of the total votes as set out in annex B to this Agreement have signed this Agreement definitively or have ratified, accepted or approved it or acceded thereto pursuant to article 38, paragraph 2, or article 39.
Art.41.2 2. If this Agreement has not entered into force definitively on 1 February 1995, it shall enter into force provisionally on that date or on any date within six months thereafter, if, 10 Governments of producing countries holding at least 50 per cent of the total votes as set out in annex A to this Agreement, and 14 Governments of consuming countries holding at least 65 per cent of the total votes as set out in annex B to this Agreement, have signed this Agreement definitively or have ratified, accepted or approved it pursuant to article 38, paragraph 2, or have notified the depositary under article 40 that they will apply this Agreement provisionally.
Art.41.3 3. If the requirements for entry into force under paragraph 1 or paragraph 2 of this article have not been met on 1 September 1995, the Secretary-General of the United Nations shall invite those Governments which have signed this Agreement definitively or have ratified, accepted or approved it pursuant to article 38, paragraph 2, or have notified the depositary that they will apply this Agreement provisionally, to meet at the earliest time practicable to decide whether to put this Agreement into force provisionally or definitively among themselves in whole or in part. Governments which decide to put this Agreement into force provisionally among themselves may meet from time to time to review the situation and decide whether this Agreement shall enter into force definitively among themselves.
Art.41.4 4. For any Government which has not notified the depositary under article 40 that it will apply this Agreement provisionally and which deposits its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession after the entry into force of this Agreement, this Agreement shall enter into force on the date of such deposit.
Art.41.5 5. The Executive Director of the Organization shall convene the Council as soon as possible after the entry into force of this Agreement.
Art.42 Article 42
Art.42.1 1. The Council may, by special vote, recommend an amendment of this Agreement to members.
Art.42.2 2. The Council shall fix a date by which members shall notify the depositary of their acceptance of the amendment.
Art.42.3 3. An amendment shall enter into force 90 days after the depositary has received notifications of acceptance from members constituting at least two thirds of the producing members and accounting for at least 75 per cent of the votes of the producing members, and from members constituting at least two thirds of the consuming members and accounting for at least 75 per cent of the votes of the consuming members.
Art.42.4 4. After the depositary informs the Council that the requirements for entry into force of the amendment have been met, and notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2 of this article relating to the date fixed by the Council, a member may still notify the depositary of its acceptance of the amendment, provided that such notification is made before the entry into force of the amendment.
Art.42.5 5. Any member which has not notified its acceptance of an amendment by the date on which such amendment enters into force shall cease to be a party to this Agreement as from that date, unless such member has satisfied the Council that its acceptance could not be obtained in time owing to difficulties in completing its constitutional or institutional procedures, and the Council decides to extend for that member the period for acceptance of the amendment. Such member shall not be bound by the amendment before it has notified its acceptance thereof.
Art.42.6 6. If the requirements for the entry into force of the amendment have not been met by the date fixed by the Council in accordance with paragraph 2 of this article, the amendment shall be considered withdrawn.
Art.43 Article 43
Art.43.1 1. A member may withdraw from this Agreement at any time after the entry into force of this Agreement by giving written notice of withdrawal to the depositary. That member shall simultaneously inform the Council of the action it has taken.
Art.43.2 2. Withdrawal shall become effective 90 days after the notice is received by the depositary.
Art.43.3 3. Financial obligations to the Organization incurred by a member under this Agreement shall not be terminated by its withdrawal.
Art.44 Article 44
Art.44.1x If the Council decides that any member is in breach of its obligations under this Agreement and decides further that such breach significantly impairs the operation of this Agreement, it may, by special vote, exclude that member from this Agreement. The Council shall immediately so notify the depositary. Six months after the date of the Council's decision, that member shall cease to be a party to this Agreement.
Art.45 Article 45
Art.45.1 1. The Council shall determine any settlement of accounts with a member which ceases to be a party to this Agreement owing to:
Art.45.1.a (a) Non-acceptance of an amendment to this Agreement under article 42;
Art.45.1.b (b) Withdrawal from this Agreement under article 43; or
Art.45.1.c (c) Exclusion from this Agreement under article 44.
Art.45.2 2. The Council shall retain any contribution paid to the Administrative Account, to the Special Account or to the Bali Partnership Fund by a member which ceases to be a party to this Agreement.
Art.45.3 3. A member which has ceased to be a party to this Agreement shall not be entitled to any share of the proceeds of liquidation or the other assets of the Organization. Nor shall such member be liable for payment of any part of the deficit, if any, of the Organization upon termination of this Agreement.
Art.46 Article 46
Art.46.1 1. This Agreement shall remain in force for a period of four years after its entry into force unless the Council, by special vote, decides to extend, renegotiate or terminate it in accordance with the provisions of this article.
Art.46.2 2. The Council may, by special vote, decide to extend this Agreement for two periods of three years each.
Art.46.3 3. If, before the expiry of the four-year period referred to in paragraph 1 of this article, or before the expiry of an extension period referred to in paragraph 2 of this article, as the case may be, a new agreement to replace this Agreement has been negotiated but has not yet entered into force either definitively or provisionally, the Council may, by special vote, extend this Agreement until the provisional or definitive entry into force of the new agreement.
Art.46.4 4. If a new agreement is negotiated and enters into force during any period of extension of this Agreement under paragraph 2 or paragraph 3 of this article, this Agreement, as extended, shall terminate upon the entry into force of the new agreement.
Art.46.5 5. The Council may at any time, by special vote, decide to terminate this Agreement with effect from such date as it may determine.
Art.46.6 6. Notwithstanding the termination of this Agreement, the Council shall continue in being for a period not exceeding 18 months to carry out the liquidation of the Organization, including the settlement of accounts, and, subject to relevant decisions to be taken by special vote, shall have during that period such powers and functions as may be necessary for these purposes.
Art.46.7 7. The Council shall notify the depositary of any decision taken under this article.
Art.47 Article 47
Art.47.1x Reservations may not be made with respect to any of the provisions of this Agreement.
Art.48 Article 48
Art.48.1 1. This Agreement shall be the successor to the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983.
Art.48.2 2. All acts by or on behalf of the Organization or any of its organs under the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983, which are in effect on the date of entry into force of this Agreement and the terms of which do not provide for expiry on that date shall remain in effect unless changed under the provisions of this Agreement.
Conc.1 IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto, have affixed their signatures under this Agreement on the dates indicated.
Conc.2 DONE at Geneva, on twenty-six January, one thousand nine hundred and ninety four, the text of this Agreement in the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish languages being equally authentic.

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