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Art.2 |
Article 2 |
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Art.2.1x |
The Contracting Parties, taking due account of the facts and problems involved, are determined to protect man and his environment against air pollution and shall endeavour to limit and, as far as possible, gradually reduce and prevent air pollution including long-range transboundary air pollution. |
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Art.3 |
Article 3 |
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Art.3.1x |
The Contracting Parties, within the framework of the present Convention, shall by means of exchanges of information, consultation, research and monitoring, develop without undue delay policies and strategies which shall serve as a means of combating the discharge of air pollutants, taking into account efforts already made at national and international levels. |
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Art.6 |
Article 6 |
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Art.6.1x |
Taking into account articles 2 to 5, the ongoing research, exchange of information and monitoring and the results thereof, the cost and effectiveness of local and other remedies and, in order to combat air pollution, in particular that originating from new or rebuilt installations, each Contracting Party undertakes to develop the best policies and strategies including air quality management systems and, as part of them, control measures compatible with balanced development, in particular by using the best available technology which is economically feasible and low- and non-waste technology. |
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Art.7 |
Article 7 |
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Art.7.1x |
The Contracting Parties, as appropriate to their needs, shall initiate and co-operate in the conduct of research into and/or development of: |
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Art.7.1x.a |
(a) existing and proposed technologies for reducing emissions of sulphur compounds and other major air pollutants, including technical and economic feasibility, and environmental consequences; |
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Art.7.1.x.b |
(b) instrumentation and other techniques for monitoring and measuring emission rates and ambient concentrations of air pollutants; |
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Art.7.1x.c |
(c) improved models for a better understanding of the transmission of long-range transboundary air pollutants; |
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Art.7.1x.d |
(d) the effects of sulphur compounds and other major air pollutants on human health and the environment, including agriculture, forestry, materials, aquatic and other natural ecosystems and visibility, with a view to establishing a scientific basis for dose/effect relationships designed to protect the environment; |
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Art.7.1x.e |
(e) the economic, social and environmental assessment of alternative measures for attaining environmental objectives including the reduction of long-range transboundary air pollution; |
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Art.7.1x.f |
(f) education and training programmes related to the environmental aspects of pollution by sulphur compounds and other major air pollutants. |
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Art.9 |
Article 9 |
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Art.9.1x |
The Contracting Parties stress the need for the implementation of the existing "Cooperative programme for the monitoring and evaluation of the long-range transmission of air pollutants in Europe" (hereinafter referred to as EMEP) and, with regard to the further development of this programme, agree to emphasize: |
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Art.9.1x.a |
(a) the desirability of Contracting Parties joining in and fully implementing EMEP which, as a first step, is based on the monitoring of sulphur dioxide and related substances; |
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Art.9.1x.b |
(b) the need to use comparable or standardized procedures for monitoring whenever possible; |
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Art.9.1x.c |
(c) the desirability of basing the monitoring programme on the framework of both national and international programmes. The establishment of monitoring stations and the collection of data shall be carried out under the national jurisdiction of the country in which the monitoring stations are located; |
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Art.9.1x.d |
(d) the desirability of establishing a framework for a co-operative environmental monitoring programme, based on and taking into account present and future national, subregional, regional and other international programmes; |
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Art.9.1x.e |
(e) the need to exchange data on emissions at periods of time to be agreed upon, of agreed air pollutants, starting with sulphur dioxide, coming from grid-units of agreed size; or on the fluxes of agreed air pollutants, starting with sulphur dioxide, across national borders, at distances and at periods of time to be agreed upon. The method, including the model, used to determine the fluxes, as well as the method, including the model, used to determine the transmission of air pollutants based on the emissions per grid-unit, shall be made available and periodically reviewed, in order to improve the methods and the models; |
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Art.9.1x.f |
(f) their willingness to continue the exchange and periodic updating of national data on total emissions of agreed air pollutants, starting with sulphur dioxide; |
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Art.9.1x.g |
(g) the need to provide meteorological and physico- chemical data relating to processes during transmission; |
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Art.9.1x.h |
(h) the need to monitor chemical components in other media such as water, soil and vegetation, as well as a similar monitoring programme to record effects on health and environment; |
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Art.9.1x.i |
(i) the desirability of extending the national EMEP networks to make them operational for control and surveillance purposes. |
