THE MARINE MAMMAL COMMISSION COMPENDIUM
BILATERAL / FINLAND
First Update; pages 665-670
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Done at Helsinki 23 March 1995
Entered into force 23 March 1995
Primary source citation: Copy of text provided by the U.S. Department of State
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AN AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE U.S. NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION AND THE NATIONAL BOARD OF EDUCATION OF FINLAND FOR COOPERATION IN THE GLOBE PROGRAM
THE U.S. NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION,
ACTING ON BEHALF OF ITSELF AND OTHER U.S. GOVERNMENT AGENCIES PARTICIPATING IN THE GLOBE PROGRAM (HEREINAFTER, THE U.S. SIDE), AND THE NATIONAL BOARD OF EDUCATION OF FINLAND (HEREINAFTER, THE FINNISH SIDE),
INTENDING TO INCREASE THE AWARENESS OF STUDENTS THROUGHOUT THE WORLD ABOUT THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT, SEEKING TO CONTRIBUTE TO INCREASED SCIENTIFIC UNDERSTANDING OF THE EARTH, AND
HAVE AGREED TO COOPERATE IN THE GLOBAL LEARNING AND OBSERVATIONS TO BENEFIT THE ENVIRONMENT (GLOBE) PROGRAM AS FOLLOWS:
ARTICLE 1 - THE GLOBE PROGRAM
ARTICLE 2 - RESPECTIVE RESPONSIBILITIES
A. THE U.S. SIDE WILL:
1. IDENTIFY U.S. SCHOOLS THAT WILL PARTICIPATE IN THE GLOBE PROGRAM (DETAILS REGARDING GLOBE SCHOOLS IN APPENDIX A);
2. SELECT, IN CONSULTATION WITH INTERNATIONAL SCIENTISTS AND EDUCATORS, THE GLOBE ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENTS AND TYPES OF MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT (DESCRIBED IN APPENDIX B);
3. SELECT PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR TEAMS FOR THE GLOBE ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENTS, AND SUPPORT THE U.S. MEMBERS OF THE TEAMS;
4. CALIBRATE, IF NECESSARY, MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT THAT CANNOT BE CALIBRATED BY GLOBE TEACHERS AND STUDENTS;
5. DEVELOP, IN CONSULTATION WITH INTERNATIONAL SCIENTISTS AND EDUCATORS, GLOBE EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS;
6. TRANSLATE GLOBE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS RELATED TO MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES AND REPORTING PROTOCOLS INTO THE SIX UNITED NATIONS LANGUAGES, PROVIDE THESE PLUS ALL BROADER GLOBE EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS TO FINLAND FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION AS NECESSARY;
7. CONDUCT ANNUAL REGIONAL TRAINING SESSIONS FOR GLOBE COUNTRY COORDINATORS AND GLOBE TEACHERS WHO WILL SERVE AS TRAINERS FOR ADDITIONAL GLOBE TEACHERS IN FINLAND, AND PROVIDE A COPY OF GLOBE TRAINING MATERIALS TO FINLAND;
8. DESIGN, DEVELOP, OPERATE, AND MAINTAIN GLOBE DATA PROCESSING CAPABILITIES AND OTHER NECESSARY TECHNOLOGY AND EQUIPMENT;
9. PROVIDE GLOBE SOFTWARE, AS NECESSARY, FOR USE ON FINLAND'S GLOBE SCHOOL COMPUTERS. (TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT POSSIBLE, TEXTUAL MATERIAL APPEARING ON COMPUTER SCREENS WILL BE ACCESSIBLE IN THE STUDENT'S CHOICE AMONG THE SIX UNITED NATIONS LANGUAGES.);
10. ACCEPT ENVIRONMENTAL DATA REPORTED FROM GLOBE SCHOOLS AROUND THE WORLD, AND DEVELOP AND PROVIDE RESULTANT GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMAGES (VISUALIZATION PRODUCTS) TO FINLAND; AND
1. SELECT FINNISH SCHOOLS TO PARTICIPATE IN THE GLOBE PROGRAM (DETAILS REGARDING GLOBE SCHOOLS IN APPENDIX A) AND PROVIDE AN UPDATED LIST OF FINLAND'S GLOBE SCHOOLS TO THE U.S. SIDE AT THE BEGINNING OF EACH SCHOOL YEAR;
2. ENSURE THAT FINLAND'S GLOBE SCHOOLS CONDUCT THE FUNDAMENTAL ACTIVITIES OF GLOBE SCHOOLS DETAILED IN APPENDIX A (TAKE GLOBE ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENTS, REPORT DATA, AND RECEIVE AND USE RESULTANT GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMAGES, USING GLOBE EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF TEACHERS TRAINED TO CONDUCT THE GLOBE PROGRAM);
3. NAME A GOVERNMENT OF FINLAND POINT OF CONTACT RESPONSIBLE FOR POLICY-LEVEL COMMUNICATIONS WITH THE DIRECTOR OF THE GLOBE PROGRAM;
4. NAME A COUNTRY COORDINATOR RESPONSIBLE FOR DAY-TO-DAY MANAGEMENT, OVERSIGHT, AND FACILITATION OF THE GLOBE PROGRAM IN FINLAND;
5. ENSURE THAT THE COUNTRY COORDINATOR AND SOME GLOBE TEACHERS ATTEND GLOBE REGIONAL TRAINING AND IN TURN PROVIDE GLOBE TRAINING TO AT LEAST ONE TEACHER IN EACH FINNISH GLOBE SCHOOL;
6. ENSURE THAT GLOBE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS RELATED TO MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES AND REPORTING PROTOCOLS ARE UTILIZED IN FINLAND'S GLOBE SCHOOLS, AND THAT BROADER GLOBE EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS ARE APPROPRIATELY TRANSLATED, ADAPTED, REPRODUCED, AND DISTRIBUTED TO ALL FINNISH GLOBE SCHOOLS;
7. ENSURE THAT FINLAND'S GLOBE SCHOOLS HAVE THE NECESSARY MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT TO TAKE GLOBE ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENTS (DESCRIBED IN APPENDIX B);
8. ENSURE THAT TEACHERS AND STUDENTS AT FINLAND'S GLOBE SCHOOLS CALIBRATE GLOBE MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT ACCORDING TO PROCEDURES PROVIDED IN GLOBE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS;
9. ENSURE THAT FINLAND'S GLOBE SCHOOLS HAVE THE NECESSARY COMPUTER AND COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS (DESCRIBED IN APPENDIX C) TO REPORT GLOBE ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENTS AND TO RECEIVE AND USE GLOBE VISUALIZATION PRODUCTS, OR MAKE AGREED ALTERNATIVE ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH REPORTING AND RECEIPT. (AT A MINIMUM, THE FINNISH COUNTRY COORDINATOR WILL NEED ACCESS TO INTERNET SO THAT ALL MEASUREMENT DATA FROM FINLAND'S GLOBE SCHOOLS WILL BE REPORTED VIA INTERNET.); AND
ARTICLE 3 - FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENTS
EACH SIDE WILL BEAR THE COSTS OF FULFILLING ITS RESPECTIVE RESPONSIBILITIES UNDER THIS AGREEMENT. OBLIGATIONS OF EACH SIDE PURSUANT TO THIS AGREEMENT ARE SUBJECT TO ITS RESPECTIVE FUNDING PROCEDURES AND THE AVAILABILITY OF APPROPRIATED FUNDS, PERSONNEL, AND OTHER RESOURCES. THE CONDUCT OF ACTIVITIES UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL BE CONSISTENT WITH THE RELEVANT LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE TWO SIDES.
ARTICLE 4 - EXCHANGE OF DATA AND GOODS
ARTICLE 5 - RELEASE OF INFORMATION ABOUT THE GLOBE PROGRAM
EACH SIDE MAY RELEASE INFORMATION ON THE GLOBE PROGRAM AS IT MAY DEEM APPROPRIATE WITHOUT PRIOR CONSULTATION WITH THE OTHER.
ARTICLE 6 - CUSTOMS AND IMMIGRATION
THIS AGREEMENT WILL ENTER INTO FORCE UPON SIGNATURE OF THE TWO SIDES AND WILL REMAIN IN FORCE FOR FIVE YEARS. IT WILL BE AUTOMATICALLY EXTENDED FOR FURTHER FIVE-YEAR PERIODS, UNLESS EITHER SIDE DECIDES TO TERMINATE IT AND NOTIFIES THE OTHER SIDE WITH THREE MONTHS WRITTEN NOTICE. THIS AGREEMENT MAY BE TERMINATED AT ANY TIME BY EITHER SIDE UPON THREE MONTHS PRIOR WRITTEN NOTICE TO THE OTHER SIDE. THIS AGREEMENT MAY BE AMENDED BY WRITTEN AGREEMENT OF THE TWO SIDES. DONE AT HELSINKI, ON 23 MARCH 1995, IN DUPLICATE IN THE ENGLISH AND FINNISH LANGUAGES, EACH ONE BEING EQUALLY AUTHENTIC. FOR THE U.S. NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION: [SIGNATURE]
FOR THE NATIONAL BOARD OF EDUCATION OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF FINLAND: [SIGNATURE]
APPENDIX A - GLOBE SCHOOLS
GLOBE EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS WILL BE USED IN GLOBE SCHOOLS UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF GLOBE-TRAINED TEACHERS. THESE MATERIALS WILL DETAIL PROCEDURES FOR TAKING ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENTS AND PROTOCOLS FOR REPORTING DATA; EXPLAIN THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE MEASUREMENTS; GUIDE THE USE OF THE VISUALIZATION PRODUCTS; AND INTEGRATE THE MEASUREMENT ASPECTS OF THE PROGRAM INTO A BROADER STUDY OF THE ENVIRONMENT. SCHOOLS THROUGHOUT THE UNITED STATES AND THE REST OF THE WORLD THAT ARE NOT GLOBE SCHOOLS MAY BECOME GLOBE AFFILIATE SCHOOLS BY OBSERVING THE GLOBE PROGRAM IN OPERATION THROUGH THE INTERNET. STUDENTS AT THESE SCHOOLS WILL BENEFIT FROM THE USE OF GLOBE VISUALIZATION PRODUCTS AND EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS ACCESSIBLE ON-LINE. ALL GLOBE AFFILIATE SCHOOLS WILL BE ENCOURAGED TO BECOME PARTICIPATING GLOBE SCHOOLS. APPENDIX B - GLOBE ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENTS AND EQUIPMENT
ATMOSPHERE/CLIMATE STUDIES: AIR TEMPERATURE (MAX/MIN THERMOMETER) PRECIPITATION (RAIN GAUGE) BAROMETRIC PRESSURE (BAROMETER) CLOUD OBSERVATIONS (CLOUD KIT (WALL CHART, SLIDES, ETC.)) WEATHER IMAGE ANALYSIS (HARDCOPY IMAGES - SEE NOTE BELOW)
HYDROLOGY/WATER CHEMISTRY STUDIES: WATER TEMPERATURE (THERMOMETER) WATER PH (LITMUS PAPER/COLORIMETRIC) WATER CHEMISTRY (WATER TESTING KIT) HYDROLOGIC ASSESSMENT (HARDCOPY IMAGES)
APPENDIX C - GLOBE COMPUTER AND COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS
IN ORDER TO DERIVE MAXIMUM BENEFIT FROM THE GLOBE PROGRAM, ALL SCHOOLS WILL BE ENCOURAGED TO USE AN INTERNATIONAL INFORMATION NETWORK, INITIALLY USING THE INTERNET, ALONG WITH CLASSROOM COMPUTERS USING SOFTWARE CAPABLE OF MULTIMEDIA PRESENTATIONS. TECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATED WITH THE GLOBE PROGRAM WILL CONTINUALLY EVOLVE TO HIGHER LEVELS AND PARTICIPANTS WILL BE ENCOURAGED TO UPGRADE OVER TIME. FOLLOWING IS A DESCRIPTION OF GLOBE COMPUTER AND COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS CONSISTENT WITH CURRENT GLOBE REQUIREMENTS. THE U.S. SIDE WILL ADAPT OR DEVELOP SOFTWARE FOR IBM-COMPATIBLE AND APPLE MACINTOSH COMPUTER CONFIGURATIONS TO SUPPORT THE REQUIRED GLOBE SCHOOL ACTIVITIES OF DATA ENTRY, DATA ANALYSIS, AND USE OF VISUALIZATION PRODUCTS. CURRENT PLANNING CALLS FOR LIMITING THIS SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT EFFORT TO IBM-COMPATIBLE OR APPLE MACINTOSH COMPUTERS CAPABLE OF RUNNING TCP/IP AND SUPPORTING WORLD WIDE WEB CLIENT SOFTWARE, SUCH AS MOSAIC, WITH GLOBE EXTENSIONS. OVERALL ATTRIBUTES OF THIS MINIMUM USABLE GLOBE SCHOOL COMPUTER CONFIGURATION ARE AS FOLLOWS:
A) FOR IBM-COMPATIBLE: 386 SX PROCESSOR, WINDOWS 3.1 IN ENHANCED MODE, 4MB OF RAM, 60MB OF AVAILABLE HARD DISK SPACE, AND A DIRECT INTERNET CONNECTION OR DIAL-UP CONNECTION USING SLIP OR PPP AND A 14,400BPS MODEM, PREFERABLY WITH V.42BIS, WHICH CAN ENABLE 57,600BPS OPERATION USING DATA COMPRESSION; AND