Measures Approved or Recommended Under Article IX in Furtherance of Principles and Objectives of the Antarctic Treaty, Bonn, 1991

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The Representatives,

Recalling the provisions of Articles III and VII of the Antarctic Treaty;

Noting that their Governments give effect in their domestic legislation to obligations arising from agreements reached at Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings;

Noting that the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals, the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources and the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty contain provisions whereby information about such domestic legislation is, or is to be, exchanged between Parties;

Noting, however, that such provision has not been made in relation to obligations arising from Recommendations adopted at Consultative Meetings;

Aware that knowledge of this domestic legislation can be of interest to the other Consultative Parties;

Recommend to their Governments that they include in their exchange of information under Article VII (5) of the Antarctic Treaty, information on any domestic legislation enacted to give effect to the Antarctic Treaty and to obligations arising from Recommendations adopted at Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings.

XVI - 2 ANTARCTIC PROTECTED AREA SYSTEM New Sites of Special Scientific Interest

The Representatives,

Recalling Recommendations VIII-3 and VIII-4;

Noting that Management Plans have been prepared and approved by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) for certain Sites of Special Scientific Interest additional to those already designated;

Considering that it would be advantageous to gather experience of the practical effect of the Management Plans prepared for these sites;

Recommend to their Governments that they voluntarily take account of the Management Plans, annexed to this Recommendation, for the following sites:

Site No. 33:

Ardley Island, Maxwell Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands. (Location: 62°13°S, 58°54°W).

Site No. 34:

Lions Rump, King George Island, South Shetland Islands. (Location: 62°08°S, 58°08°W).

ANNEX 1 TO RECOMMENDATION XVI - 2

Site of Special Scientific Interest No. 33 Ardley Island, Maxwell Bay, King George Island

1. Geographical location

Ardley Island (62°13°S, 58°54°W) is situated about 500 m east of the coast of Fildes Peninsula, Maxwell Bay, King George Island. It is about 1 km south-east of the Soviet station Bellingshausen and the Chilean station Teniente Marsh, and about 0.5 km east of the Chinese station Great Wall.

2. Management Plan

(i) Description of Site The Site comprises the entire island and its associated littoral zone, including the isthmus between the island and Fildes Peninsula to the west. The island is about 2.0 km long and 1.5 km at its widest, and rises to about 50 m altitude. It comprises mainly Tertiary andesitic-basaltic lavas and tuffs, and there are some raised beach terraces. It is snow- and ice-free in summer. There is a small (about 100 m long) freshwater pond on the south-west of the island. There is a refuge hut (FRG) near Braillard Point, and two more refuge huts (Argentina, Chile) are situated near the middle of the northern coast of the island, the latter comprising several huts.

(ii) Reason for Designation The Site is of exceptional biological interest. It has a diverse avifauna with 12 breeding species, and is of particular importance for its breeding colonies of gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua); the average number of breeding pairs is about 4,000, which is the largest concentration of gentoos within the South Shetland Islands and probably in the Antarctic. There are also about 1,200 pairs of breeding Adlie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) and a small number of chinstrap penguins (P. antarctica). Other breeding species of particular importance are southern giant petrels (Macronectes giganteus), Wilson's storm petrels (Oceanites oceanicus) and Black-bellied storm petrels (Fregatta tropica).

The island possesses some of the best-developed and most extensive plant communities in the South Shetland Islands, notably the climax fellfield ecosystem dominated by macro lichens (Himantormia lugubris, Usnea spp.). Such vegetation is extremely sensitive to human intervention and is very easily damaged.

(iii) Outline of Research

Detailed ornithological and botanical research has been undertaken on Ardley Island for many years by Chilean, FRG and GDR scientists, with brief studies made also by scientists from other national stations in the area.

Results of a 10-year census and breeding study, commencing in 1979, of pygoscelid penguins have revealed large between-season fluctuations in numbers and the breeding success of each species. Also, the giant petrel breeding population has declined by about 80% in recent years. There is strong evidence that these population fluctuations are a direct response to disturbance by large numbers of visitors and to vehicles and low-flying aircraft. The effects of these impacts will continue to be monitored as an integral part of the long-term ornithological research being undertaken at this site.

Detailed investigations of the phytosociology of the island's vegetation and of the physiology of selected lichen species have been undertaken. Further terrestrial botanical, zoological and littoral research is planned. Because of the extreme importance of this area to biological research it is imperative that it is protected from the severe threat of human intervention so as to minimise its impact on this exceptional ecosystem.

(iv) Date of expiry of designation

31 December 2001. (v) Access points

None specified, although not more than five persons should enter the site from the sea anywhere east of a north-south line running through the beacon on the mid-north coast of the island.

(vi) Pedestrian and vehicular routes

Pedestrian activity should be restricted whenever possible to areas with minimal vegetation, and should avoid any bird breeding sites, except as required for approved research studies. Tourists and non-scientific station and ship personnel should visit only the area designated for this purpose (see (ix)) in order to minimise disturbance of biota. The use of any type of vehicle, including amphibious craft on land, is not permitted. Helicopters should not land on or overfly the island below 300 m altitude. Aircraft landing at and taking off from Teniente Marsh airfield should avoid overflying the island.

(vii) Other kinds of scientific investigations which would not cause harmful interference

Other scientific investigations may be permitted as long as they cause minimum impact on the biota and ecosystems. All markers and structures associated with field experiments must be removed as soon as the research is completed.

(viii) Scientific sampling

All activities involving banding, capture, killing, etc of any bird must conform with the Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora.

Any other sampling should be restricted to the minimum required for the purpose of the respective studies.

(ix) Other restraints

Large groups of visitors to the Site should be limited to a maximum of 20 persons at any time. Such groups of persons should have access only to the ‘tourist area’ marked on the map, i.e. the north coast of the island as far as 300 m west of Braillard Point and 300 m west of the Chilean refuge, up to an altitude of 20 m above sea level. Groups should be accompanied by a guide, provided from the national station approving the visit, who will be responsible for their conduct and who is fully conversant with the Site Management Plan, the Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora, and the current research programmes. There should be no access for dogs whether or not they are required for sledging purposes. All human waste materials should be removed from the Site and returned to the Station of origin; no combustible materials should be incinerated within the Site.

Site of Special Scientific Interest No. 33

ANNEX 2 TO RECOMMENDATION XVI - 2

Site of Special Scientific Interest No. 34 Lions Rump, King George Island, South Shetland Islands

1. Geographical location

The Site is situated on the south coast of King George Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, and is bounded by the following co-ordinates:

2. Management Plan

(i) Description of Site

The Site is named after Lions Rump, a prominent rocky hill between the southern extremity of King George Bay and Lion Cove. It includes the littoral and sublittoral extending from the eastern end of ‘Lajkonik Rock’ to the northernmost end of Twin Pinnacles Island, and from that point to the easternmost end of the columnar plug ‘Lions Head’ to the east of White Eagle Glacier. On land the Site includes the coastline of raised beaches, freshwater pools and the streams on the south side of King George Bay and, around Lion Cove, moraines and slopes leading up to the lower ice tongue of White Eagle Glacier and westward to a small moraine protruding through the ice cap south-east of Sukiennice Hills. Lions Rump comprises Tertiary lavas and tuffs with thin brown coal intercalations and silicified wood fragments. The moraine west of Lion Cove consists of several Holocene stages of glacier advance and retreat. A small refuge is situated near the shore close to the main stream within the Site, about 300 m west of Lions Rump.

(ii) Reason for Designation

The Site is representative of the terrestrial, limnological and littoral ecosystems of King George Island, possessing diverse biota and rock formations.

There is a rich flora, especially of lichens, and the two native vascular plants, Colobanthus quitensis and Deschampsia antarctica, are frequent. Twelve species of birds breed within the Site, including many colonies of three species of pygoscelid penguins, Adlie, chinstrap and gentoo. There are large numbers of elephant seals and fur seals on the beaches. It is a rich part of the coastal ecosystem which has not been disturbed by human activity, other than various biological, geological and geomorphological studies which have been undertaken within the Site.

(iii) Date of designation and originator

July 1990: Poland

(iv) Date of expiry of designation

31 December 2001. (v) Access Points

Access from the sea should be close to the outflow of the main stream within the Site about 300 m west of Lions Rump. Helicopter landings should be restricted to the area south of the southern boundary of the Site, so as not to disturb the fauna.

(vi) Entry permit requirement

Entry into the Site should be in strict accordance with a current permit, issued by a Participating Government or its authorised representative, specifically for a compelling scientific purpose which cannot be served elsewhere or for site inspection, and which will not jeopardise any aspect of the natural ecosystem or its biota within the Site (see Antarctic Treaty Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora, Article VIII).

However, access to the Site shall be unlimited to parties wishing only to traverse or pass through the site to carry out bona fide scientific research inland of the Site. Such parties shall pass through the site as speedily as is reasonable and shall not disturb any part of the site. Details of the visit should be included in the national annual report of Exchange of Information for the same Antarctic season in which the activities were carried out. Research parties passing through the site as permitted above should also report their visits in the same way.

(vii) Prohibitions

To avoid or minimise human impact it is prohibited to:

(a) drive any vehicle within the Site;

(b) land a helicopter within the Site;

(c) overfly the Site by any aircraft below 250 m above the highest point;

(d) anchor or moor any seacraft within the Site, except in accordance with the permit;

(e) incinerate, bury or otherwise dispose of any human waste within the Site; all such waste must be removed from the Site;

(f) leave depots of fuel, food or any other supplies within the Site, unless they are further required within the same season, at the end of which they must be removed;

(g) erect any form of building additional to the existing refuge within the Site.

(viii) Pedestrian routes

None specified, but precautions must be taken to avoid disturbance to any breeding bird or seal or stand of vegetation, unless required as specified in the permit.

(ix) Scientific research and sampling

All activities must conform strictly with those specified in the permit to enter the Site.

(x) Inspection and maintenance

Inspection visits to the Site should be made at least once every five years to assess its state and to monitor significant biological or environmental changes. Other visits should be made as necessary to maintain boundary markers, notices, etc.

Site of Special Scientific Interest No. 34

XVI - 3 ANTARCTIC PROTECTED AREA SYSTEM New Marine Sites of Special Scientific Interest

The Representatives,

Recalling Article II of the Antarctic Treaty, Recommendations VII-3, VIII-3 and XIV-6;

Noting that Management Plans have been prepared and approved by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) for two Marine Sites of Special Scientific Interest;

Considering that it would be advantageous to gather experience of the practical effect of the Management Plans prepared for these Sites;

Recommend to their Governments that they voluntarily take account of the Management Plans, annexed to this Recommendation, for the following Sites:

No. 35 Western Bransfield Strait, off Low Island, South Shetland Islands; No. 36 East Dallmann Bay, off Brabant Island.

ANNEX 1 TO RECOMMENDATION XVI - 3 Marine Site of Special Scientific Interest No. 35 Western Bransfield Strait

1. Geographical Location

The Site is located off the southern shore of Low Island, western South Shetland Islands, between latitudes 63°20°S and 63°35°S and between longitudes 61°45°W and 62°30°W (with reference to U.S. Defense Mapping Agency Hydrographic/Topographic Center Chart No. 29121). A small portion of the Low Island landmass/snowmass projects into the northern boundary of this domain; here the northern limit of the Site will be the associated intertidal zone. East, west, and south of the island the bottom slopes gently from the intertidal zone to depths of approximately 200 metres and then drops off rapidly near the boundary limits of the Site.

2. Management Plan

(i) Description of Site

The bottom consists of a sand/mud/cobbled-rock matrix and supports a rich benthos, e.g., numerous fish species, invertebrates (sponges, anemones, annelids, molluscs, crustaceans, asteroids, ophiuroids, echinoids, holothurioids, brachiopods, tunicates), and marine plants, in several distinct communities. Fish species commonly collected near Low Island include Notothenia gibberifrons, Chaenocephalus aceratus, Harpagifer bispinis, Parachaenichthys charcoti, Trematomus newnesi, and N. coriiceps neglecta. Species rarely found at Low Island include Pseudochaenichthys georgianus, Champsocephalus gunnari, and Chionodraco rastrospinosus. In addition, the Low Island shelf appears to be a major spawning ground for several fish species (e.g., N. coriiceps neglecta and the ice fish C. aceratus).

(ii) Reason for designation

The shallow shelf south of Low Island is one of only two known sites in the vicinity of Palmer Station that are suitable for bottom trawling for fish and other benthic organisms. From an ecological standpoint, the Low Island site offers unique opportunities to study the composition, structure, and dynamics of several accessible marine communities. The Site, and in particular, its benthic fauna, is of exceptional scientific interest and requires long-term protection from potential harmful interference.

(iii) Outline of research

Studies of this area by scientists from Palmer Station began in the early 1970s. The current research programme uses fish from Low Island to study the biochemical adaptations that enable proteins to function at low temperatures and physiological adaptation of muscle and energy metabolism to low temperatures. These studies are conducted each year during the austral summer.

(iv) Date of expiry of designation

31 December 2001. (v) Access points

Any boundary point may be used for entry. Free passage of ships through this Site is permitted.

(vi) Pedestrian and vehicular routes

Not applicable.

(vii) Other kinds of scientific investigations that would not cause harmful interference

Ecological studies of the sea floor and its benthos by any method should be restricted to the minimum necessary for research activities and should be carried out with minimal disturbance of the Site.

(viii) Scientific sampling

Sampling of the sea floor and its benthos by any method should be restricted to the minimum necessary for research activities and should be carried out with minimal disturbance of the Site.

(ix) Other restraints

Ships should, where possible, avoid anchoring within the boundaries of the Site.

ANNEX 2 TO RECOMMENDATION XVI - 3 Marine Site of Special Scientific Interest No. 36 East Dallmann Bay

1. Geographical location

The Site is located in East Dallmann Bay off the western shore of Brabant Island, Palmer Archipelago, between latitudes 64°00°S and 64°20°S and from longitude 62°50°W east to the intertidal zone of the island's western shore (with reference to U.S. Defense Mapping Agency Hydrographic/Topographic Center, Chart No. 29121). West of Brabant Island the bottom forms a gently sloping shelf from the intertidal zone to depths of approximately 200 m and then drops off rapidly near the western boundary of the Site.

2. Management Plan

(i) Description of Site

The bottom consists of a sand/mud/cobbled-rock matrix. The benthic community includes numerous fish species, invertebrates (sponges, anemones, annelids, molluscs, crustaceans, asteroids, ophiuroids, echinoids, holothurioids, tunicates), and marine plants. Fish species commonly collected at East Dallmann Bay include Notothenia gibberifrons, Chaenocephalus aceratus, Champsocephalus gunnari, Pseudochaenichthys georgianus, and Chionodraco rastrospinosus. Specimens of Trematomus newnesi and Notothenia coriiceps neglecta are rare in this area.

(ii) Reason for designation

The shallow shelf west of East Dallmann Bay is one of only two known sites near Palmer Station that are suitable for bottom trawling for fish and other benthic organisms. The Site and, in particular, its benthic fauna are of exceptional scientific interest and require long-term protection from harmful interference.

(iii) Outline of research

Studies of this area by scientists from Palmer Station began in the early 1970s. The current research programme uses fish from East Dallmann Bay to study the biochemical adaptations that enable proteins to function at low temperatures and the physiological adaptation of muscle and energy metabolism to low temperatures.

(iv) Date of expiry of designation

31 December 2001. (v) Access points

Any boundary point may be used for entry. Free passage of ships through this Site is permitted.

(vi) Pedestrian and vehicular routes

Not applicable.

(vii) Other kinds of scientific investigations that would not cause harmful interference

Ecological studies of the composition, structure, and dynamics of the marine communities would not be harmful.

(viii) Scientific sampling

Sampling of the sea floor and its benthos by any method should be restricted to the minimum necessary for research activities and should be carried out with minimal disturbance of the Site.

(ix) Other restraints

Ships should, where possible, avoid anchoring within the boundaries of the Site.

XVI - 4 ANTARCTIC PROTECTED AREA SYSTEM Specially Protected Areas Re-Designation of Site of Special Scientific Interest No. 30, Avian Island, Marguerite Bay, Antarctic Peninsula as Specially Protected Area No. 21

The Representatives,

Recalling Recommendation XV-8 and XV-9;

Noting that a Management Plan has been approved by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR);

Considering that Avian Island, together with its littoral zone is unique in the Antarctic Peninsula region for its abundance and diversity of breeding seabirds, including Adlie Penguins, Blue-eyed Shags, Giant Petrels, Dominican Gulls, South Polar Skuas and Wilson's Petrels, and that the colony of Adlie Penguins is the largest on the Antarctic Peninsula, and that other species are at or near the southern limits of their breeding range, and that the island is vulnerable to visits by tourists, and uncontrolled personnel;

Recommend to their Governments that:

(i)ii

the designation of Avian Island as Site of Special Scientific Interest No. 30 under Recommendations VIII-3 and VIII-4 be terminated;

(ii)i

the number 30 should not be used for another Site of Special Scientific Interest;

(iii) the following area of outstanding ornithological interest be inserted in Annex B, Specially Protected Areas, of the Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora (1964), along with the Management Plan accompanying the description of the said Specially Protected Area:

Specially Protected Area No. 21 Avian Island, Marguerite Bay, Antarctic Peninsula (67°46°S, 68°54°W).

ANNEX TO RECOMMENDATION XVI - 4 Specially Protected Area No. 21 Avian Island, North West Marguerite Bay, Antarctic Peninsula

1. Geographical location

Avian Island (67°46°S, 68°54°W) lies 0.25 km south of the south-west tip of Adelaide Island in north-west Marguerite Bay, south-west Antarctic Peninsula.

2. Management Plan

(i) Description of Area

The Area consists of Avian Island together with its littoral zone. It is 1.45 km long by 0.8 km at its widest (total area about 49 ha), and rises to just over 40 m altitude in the south. It is almost entirely ice-free in summer. There are several shallow melt pools, the largest being on the eastern raised beach terrace. There are two small dilapidated refuge huts, one near the north-west and the other near the mid-east shores of the island.

(ii) Reason for designation

The Area is unique in the Antarctic Peninsula region for its abundance and diversity of breeding seabirds, the most important of which are: Adlie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) about 36,000 pairs; blue-eyed shags (Phalacrocorax atriceps) about 670 pairs; southern giant petrels (Macronectes giganteus) about 250 pairs; Dominican gulls (Larus dominicanus) about 60 pairs (total adult birds about 200); skuas (Catharacta maccormicki) 30 pairs (total adult birds about 200); Wilson's storm petrels (Oceanites oceanicus) several hundred pairs. Several other birds are frequent visitors, breeding elsewhere in Marguerite Bay. Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) breed in small numbers around the shores of the island, and other species of seals occasionally come ashore, particularly fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) in increasing numbers during summer. Bryophyte vegetation is sparse but nitrophilous lichen communities are well-developed; vascular plants are absent. The giant petrel colony is the farthest south known breeding location and represents about a quarter of the population breeding on the entire Antarctic Peninsula. The blue-eyed shag colony is one of the largest known in the Antarctic and is very close to the southern limit of the species' breeding range; it represents about 85% of the total population breeding south of the Antarctic Circle. The Adlie penguin colony is the largest on the Antarctic Peninsula and contains a third of the total population breeding in the region.

(iii) Date of designation and originator

Originally designated as SSSI No. 30, November 1989, Recommendation XV-6, by UK; Proposed designation as SPA, July 1990, UK. (iv) Access points

Access should be from the sea as close as possible to either of the refuge huts.

(v) Entry permit requirement

Entry into the Area is only in strict accordance with a current permit issued by a Participating Government or its authorised representative, specifically for a compelling scientific purpose which cannot be served elsewhere, or for site inspection, and which will not jeopardise any aspect of the natural ecosystem or its biota within the Area (see Antarctic Treaty Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora, Article VIII). Details of the visit should be included in the national annual report of Exchange of Information for the same Antarctic season in which the activities were carried out.

(vi) Prohibitions

To avoid or minimise human impact it is prohibited to:

(a) drive any vehicle within the Area (over-snow vehicles used to visit the island must be left at the shoreline);

(b) bring any dog into the Area;

(c) land a helicopter within the Area;

(d) overfly the Area by any aircraft below 250 m above the highest point;

(e) use any of the Area's coves or bays for anchoring or mooring seacraft except in accordance with the permit;

(f) incinerate, bury or otherwise dispose of any non-human waste within the Area; all such waste must be removed from the Area;

(g) leave depots of fuel, food, or any other supplies within the Area, except at the refuges, unless they are further required within the same season, at the end of which they must be removed.

(h) erect any form of building within the Area, besides the restoration and maintenance of the two existing refuges.

(vii) Pedestrian routes

None specified, but every precaution must be taken to avoid disturbance of any breeding bird (especially giant petrels, which pedestrians should not approach closer than 100 m) or seal, unless required as specified in the permit.

(viii) Scientific research and sampling

All activities must conform strictly with those specified in the permit to enter the Area.

(ix) Inspection and maintenance

Inspection visits should be made to the Area at least once every five years to assess the state of the site and to monitor any significant biological or environmental changes. Other visits should be made as necessary to maintain boundary markers, notices, etc.

XVI-5 ANTARCTIC PROTECTED AREA SYSTEM Sites of Special Scientific Interest: Interim Guidelines Site of Special Scientific Interest No. 6, Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands

The Representatives,

Recalling Recommendation VIII-4 and the Management Plan for Site of Special Scientific Interest No. 6: Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, annexed thereto;

Noting that at its Twenty-First Meeting the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR), held at Sao Paulo, Brazil (24-27 July 1990), reviewed the Management Plan and scientific interest of SSSI No. 6: Byers Peninsula Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands;

Recommend to their Governments that:

(i)i

the Management Plan for Site of Special Scientific Interest No. 6: Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, annexed to Recommendation VIII-4 be terminated;

(ii) they voluntarily take account of the Management Plan, annexed to this Recommendation, for Site No. 6: Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands.

ANNEX TO RECOMMENDATION XVI - 5 Amendment to Site of Special Scientific Interest No. 6 Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands

This Site currently comprises three areas of varying shape and size on Byers Peninsula designated solely for their sedimentary and palaeontological interest. However, the peninsula is also of considerable biological and archaeological importance.

1. Geographical location

Byers Peninsula is an extensive, largely ice-free area at the western end of Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, centred on lat. 62°38°S, long. 61°05°W. 2. Management Plan

(i) Description of Site

The Site comprises the entire area of Byers Peninsula extending from the ice margin on the west side of Rotch Dome (to a point directly north of Stackpole Rocks) westwards to the west end of Ray Promontory. The littoral zone of the Peninsula is included within the Site. The nearby offshore islets and islands are not included in the Site. Most of the Site is low and undulating, below 100 m altitude, except for Ray Promontory which has a more rugged topography, rising to over 200 m at Penca Hill and Start Hill. Numerous volcanic plugs, lakes, pools and streams occur between Ray Promontory and the Rotch Dome ice field. Coastal areas often have broad beaches several hundred metres wide, with raised beaches behind.

(ii) Reason for designation

The fossils found in this area provide evidence of the former link between Antarctica and the other southern continents. A long-term palaeontological research programme has been in progress since the mid-1960s. It is important to protect these Jurassic and Cretaceous rocks from being used as building materials or taken as souvenirs.

The Site is of special biological importance. It has a sparse but diverse flora of both calcicolous and calcifuge plants and cyanobacteria associated with the lavas and basalts, respectively. Basaltic plugs are particularly well-vegetated. Several rare cryptogams and the two native vascular plants (Colobanthus quitensis and Deschampsia antarctica) occur at several sites. There are several coastal and inland lakes, the latter having a particularly important biota including aquatic mosses, and serve as breeding sites for the midge Parochlus steineni, the only native winged insect in the Antarctic and with exceptionally restricted distribution. The only other Antarctic dipteran, the apterous Belgica antarctica, occurs in stands of wet moss.

The Site is also unique in possessing the greatest concentration of historical sites in Antarctica, namely the remains of refuges, together with contemporary artefacts, and shipwrecks of early nineteenth century sealing expeditions.

It is important that both the biological and archaeological features are also afforded protection.

(iii) Outline of research

A long-term geological and palaeontological research programme was established in 1964. The main objectives are the description of sediments and fossils found in this area. Botanical, zoological, limnological, ornithological and archaeological investigations have also been undertaken throughout the Site at various times since the late 1950s.

(iv) Date of expiry of designation

31 December 2001. (v) Access points

None defined.

(vi) Pedestrian and vehicular routes

Vehicles should not enter the Site, except in an emergency. Helicopters should land only on unvegetated ground at least 500 m from any bird or seal concentrations, or freshwater bodies.

(vii) Other kinds of scientific investigations which would not cause harmful interference

Scientific research other than archaeological, biological and geological should be kept to a minimum.

(viii) Scientific sampling

Samples of rocks or biological specimens should only be taken for compelling scientific purposes.

(ix) Other restraints

Buildings and other facilities should not be erected in the Site. All non-human waste should be removed from the Site. No combustible waste should be incinerated within the Site. There should be no interference of any sealers' refuges (huts, caves, etc) nor removal of any associated artefacts (including implements, timbers, fabrics, etc) from these features or from the beaches. No skeletal remains of any animal should be moved within or removed from the Site.

XVI - 6 ANTARCTIC PROTECTED AREA SYSTEM Specially Protected Areas Revised Descriptions and Proposed Management Plans for Specially Protected Areas

The Representatives,

Recalling Recommendation XV-8 and XV-9;

Noting that revised Area Descriptions and proposed Management Plans have been approved by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR);

Recommend to their Governments that for the Specially Protected Sites listed below:

(i) the Descriptions inserted in Annex B, Specially Protected Areas, of the Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora be deleted;

(ii) that the Descriptions and Management Plans of Specially Protected Areas, annexed to this Recommendation, be inserted in Annex B, Specially Protected Areas, of the Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora.

The Specially Protected Areas involved are:

Site No. 8: Dion Islands, Marguerite Bay, Antarctic Peninsula Site No. 9: Green Island, Berthelot Islands, Antarctic Peninsula Site No. 13: Moe Island, South Orkney Islands Site No. 14: Lynch Island, South Orkney Islands Site No. 15: Southern Powell Island, and adjacent islands, South Orkney Islands Site No. 16: Coppermine Peninsula, Robert Island, South Shetland Islands Site No. 18: North Coronation Island, South Orkney Islands Site No. 19: Lagotellerie Island, Marguerite Bay, Antarctic Peninsula

ANNEX TO RECOMMENDATION XVI - 6 Management Plan for Specially Protected Area No. 8 Dion Islands, Marguerite Bay, Antarctic Peninsula

1. Geographical location

The Dion Islands (67°52°S, 68°43°W) are a small group of low-lying rocky islands lying about 13 km south of the southern end of Adelaide Island, in the north-western part of Marguerite Bay.

2. Management Plan

(i) Description of Area

The Area comprises all of the Dion Islands archipelago, which lie within an area of about 12 km2, together with the intervening sea. The islands and islets are small, rocky and often precipitous, notably Emperor Island which is also the highest (46 m altitude). The main islands are the largest of the Courtier Islands group (c. 8 ha), Emperor Island (c. 5 ha) and the largest of the Consort Islands group (c. 3 ha). Low lying areas occur on the two largest islands. There are a few small permanent ice patches, but there are no streams or permanent pools.

(ii) Reason for designation

The Area possesses the only known breeding population of Emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) on the west side of the Antarctic Peninsula. It is situated on a low-lying raised beach and rocky headland in the south-eastern part of Emperor Island. It is also the most northerly and probably the smallest colony (annual numbers fluctuate between about 50 and 500 pairs), and is one of only two in which breeding occurs on land (see also SPA No. 1). It is also the most isolated Emperor colony, being about 2,500 km (by sea) from the nearest other known rookery. Other breeding birds within the Area include a small colony of Adlie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) near the Emperor penguin colony, and about 200 pairs of Blue-eyed shags (Phalacrocorax atriceps) on the precipitous north side of the same island.

(iii) Date of designation and originator

November 1966, Recommendation IV-8, by UK. (iv) Access points

None specified, but access should be from the sea; landing on Emperor Island should be at least 100 m from the Emperor penguin colony or any non-breeding aggregations of these birds.

(v) Entry permit requirements

Entry into the Area is only in strict accordance with a current permit, issued by a Participating Government or its authorised representative, specifically for a compelling scientific purpose which cannot be served elsewhere, or for site inspection, and which will not jeopardise any aspect of the natural ecosystem or its biota within the Area (see Antarctic Treaty Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora, Article VIII). Details of the visit should be included in the national annual report of Exchange of Information for the same Antarctic season in which the activities were carried out.

(vi) Prohibitions

To avoid or minimise human impact it is prohibited to:

(a) land a helicopter within the Area;

(b) overfly the Area by any aircraft below 250 m above the highest point;

(c) use any of the Area's coves, bays or intervening water for anchoring or mooring seacraft, except in accordance with the permit;

(d) incinerate, bury or otherwise dispose of any non-human waste within the Area; all such waste must be removed from the Area;

(f) leave depots of fuel, food, or any other supplies within the Area unless they are further required within the same season, at the end of which they must be removed;

(g) erect any form of building within the Area.

(vii) Pedestrian routes

None specified, but every precaution must be taken to avoid disturbance of any breeding bird or seal, particularly Emperor penguins which pedestrians should not approach closer than 50 m, unless required as specified in the permit.

(viii) Scientific research and sampling

All activities must conform strictly with those specified in the permit to enter the Area.

(ix) Inspection and maintenance

Inspection visits to the Area should be made at least once every five years to assess the state of the site and to monitor any significant biological or environmental changes. Other visits should be made as necessary to maintain boundary markers, notices, etc.

Management Plan for Specially Protected Area No. 9 Green Island, Berthelot Islands, Antarctic Peninsula

1. Geographical location

Green Island (65°19°S, 64°10°W) is a small island on the north side of the Berthelot Islands group, lying between the north-west side of Collins Bay and Grandidier Channel, about 3 km off the Graham Coast of the mid-west Antarctic Peninsula.

2. Management Plan

(i) Description of Area

The Area comprises all of Green Island, a small rocky island lying about 0.25 km to the north of the largest of the Berthelot Islands. It is about 500 m from north to south and 300 m from east to west, rising to a dome-shaped peak at about 80 m altitude. The island rises steeply on all sides, with high precipitous cliffs on the south and east sides. Along the north side is a gently sloping rock platform. There are several permanent snow patches with the largest occurring to the south and east of the summit. There are no streams or pools.

(ii) Reason for designation

Green Island is extensively vegetated on the north facing slopes and has especially well-developed continuous banks of moss turf formed by Chorisodontium aciphyllum and Polytrichum alpestre which, over much of their extent, overlie peat of more than 1 m in depth. Antarctic hair grass (Deschampsia antarctica) is frequent in small patches near the shag colony. The island has two important bird colonies. A large Blue-eyed shag (Phalacrocorax atriceps) colony with about 250 nests occurs on the steep, rocky north-west corner; this is one of the largest shag colonies on the Antarctic Peninsula. There are also large numbers of Brown skuas (Catharacta lonnbergii) and a few South Polar skuas (C. maccormicki) and hybrids, but only a few of the former are known to breed.

(iii) Date of designation and originator

November 1966, Recommendation IV-9, by UK. (iv) Access points

None specified, but landings by boat or helicopter are easiest on the north side of the island.

(v) Entry permit requirement

Entry into the Area is only in strict accordance with a current permit, issued by a Participating Government or its authorised representative, specifically for compelling scientific purpose which cannot be served elsewhere, or for site inspection, and which will not jeopardise any aspect of the natural ecosystem or its biota within the Area (see Antarctic Treaty Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora Article VIII). Details of the visit should be included in the national annual report of Exchange of Information for the same Antarctic season in which the activities were carried out.

(vi) Prohibitions

To avoid or minimise human impact it is prohibited to:

(a) land a helicopter within the Area except on the rock platform near sea level on the north side of the island;

(b) overfly the Area by any aircraft below 250 m above the highest point;

(c) use any of the Area's coves for anchoring or mooring seacraft, except in accordance with the permit;

(d) incinerate, bury or otherwise dispose of any non-human waste within the Area; all such waste must be removed from the Area;

(e) leave depots of fuel, food, or any other supplies within the Area unless they are further required within the same season, at the end of which they must be removed;

(f) erect any form of building within the Area.

(vii) Pedestrian routes

None specified, but every precaution must be taken to cause minimal damage to the luxurient moss banks and avoid disturbance of any breeding bird or seal, unless required as specified in the permit.

(viii) Scientific research and sampling

All activities must conform strictly with those specified in the permit to enter the Area.

(ix) Inspection and maintenance

Inspection visits to the Area should be at least once every five years to assess the state of the site and to monitor any significant biological or environmental changes. Other visits should be made as necessary to maintain boundary markers, notices, etc.

Management Plan for Specially Protected Area No. 13 Moe Island, South Orkney Islands

1. Geographical location

Moe Island (60°45°S, 45°41°W) is a small island lying about 0.5 km off the south-west extremity of Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, from which it is separated by Fyr Channel.

2. Management Plan

(i) Description of Area

The Area is an irregularly shaped island about 1.8 km from north-east to southwest and 1 km from north-west to south-east. It rises precipitously on the northeastern and south-eastern sides to Snipe Peak (226 m altitude); there is a subsidiary summit above South Point (102 m altitude) and lower hills on each of three promontories on the western side above Corral Point (92 m), Conroy Point (89 m) and Spaull Point (56 m). Small areas of permanent ice remain on the east and south facing slopes, with late lying snow patches on the steeply dipping western slopes. There are no streams or pools.

(ii) Reason for designation

Moe Island provides an excellent representative sample of the maritime Antarctic terrestrial ecosystem, with particularly well-developed stands of vegetation typical of the South Orkney Islands. The dominant plant communities are Andreaea-Usnea fellfield and banks of Chorisodontium-Polytrichum moss turf (the main stand of which is continuous over 5 ha, including large areas of eroded peat, and represents the largest known example of this community type in the Antarctic). The cryptogamic flora and arthropod fauna are diverse. There are five colonies of Chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica) totalling about 11,000 pairs. Numerous other birds breed on the island, notably about 2,000 pairs of Cape petrels (Daption capensis) and large numbers of Antarctic prions (Pachyptila desolata). Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) and Leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) are sometimes frequent in the bays on the west side of the island. An increasing number of immature bull Fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) come ashore on the north side of Landing Cove and are causing some damage to vegetation. However, the nature of the terrain should restrict the animals to this small headland.

Because of the long-established intensive experimental field research and the very extensive destruction of the lowland terrestrial and freshwater ecosystem caused by Fur seals on neighbouring Signy Island, Moe Island serves as an important control side with which future comparisons may be made with particular regard to biological and environmental change in the region.

(iii) Date of designation and originator

November 1966, Recommendation IV-13, by UK. (iv) Access points

None specified, but preferably and most safely, from the sea at the north-east corner of Landing Cove.

(v) Entry permit requirement

Entry into the Area is only in strict accordance with a current permit, issued by a Participating Government or its authorised representative, specifically for a compelling scientific purpose which cannot be served elsewhere or for site inspection, and which will not jeopardise any aspect of the natural ecosystem or its biota within the Area (see Antarctic Treaty Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora, Article VIII). Details of the visit should be included in the national annual report of Exchange of Information for the same Antarctic season in which the activities were carried out.

(vi) Prohibitions

To avoid or minimise human impact it is prohibited to:

(a) land a helicopter within the Area, except on the col between hill 89 m and the western slope of Snipe Peak, to the south of Landing Cove;

(b) overfly the Area by any aircraft below 250 m above the highest point except for access to the landing area specified in (a), which should be directly from the cove to the north or south avoiding any seabird colonies;

(c) use any of the Area's coves or bays for anchoring or mooring seacraft except in accordance with the permit;

(d) incinerate, bury or otherwise dispose of any non-human waste within the Area; all such waste must be removed from the Area;

(e) leave depots of fuel, food, or any other supplies within the Area unless they are further required within the same season, at the end of which they must be removed;

(f) erect any form of building within the Area.

(vii) Pedestrian routes

None specified, but every precaution must be taken to avoid disturbance of any breeding bird or seal or stand of vegetation, unless required as specified in the permit; in particular, stands of Polytrichum-Chorisodontium moss banks and areas of eroding peat should be avoided wherever possible.

(viii) Scientific research and sampling

All activities must conform strictly with those specified in the permit to enter the Area.

(ix) Inspection and maintenance

Inspection visits to the Area should be made once every year to assess the state of the site and to monitor any significant biological or environmental changes, particularly with regard to increasing damage caused by Fur seals to the island's vegetation. Such visits should also be used to maintain boundary markers, notices, etc.

Management Plan for Specially Protected Area No. 14 Lynch Island, South Orkney Islands

1. Geographical location

Lynch Island (60°40°S, 45°38°W) is a small island situated at the east end of Marshall Bay, in the mid south coast of Coronation Island and directly to the north of Signy Island, South Orkney Islands.

2. Management Plan

(i) Description of Area

The Area is a small rocky island, c. 200 m from the south coast of Coronation Island, and about 500 m from east to west and 300 m from north to south, rising to a flat plateau with a maximum altitude of 33 m. On the south, east and west sides there are low cliffs up to 20 m high, and boulder-filled gullys, while the northern side has a low cliff below a rock terrace at about 5-8 m altitude. There are no streams or pools, and only a few small late-lying snow patches occur on the southern side of the island.

(ii) Reason for designation

Lynch Island supports one of the most extensive and dense stands of Antarctic hair grass (Deschampsia antarctica) known in the Treaty area. The only other Antarctic flowering plant, Antarctic pearlwort (Colobanthus quitensis), is also abundant. The cryptogamic vegetation is typical of the region, but several species of moss are unusually fertile here (notably Polytrichum alpinum and Muelleriella crassifolia). Beneath the grass swards on the moist north-facing slope a shallow loam-like earth resembling tundra brown soil has developed and contains a rich invertebrate fauna. Moist moss in rock crevices on the north side of the island harbours a rare terrestrial enchytraeid worm. Breeding birds are poorly represented, but most species of Antarctic seals are common around the island and occasionally ashore (particularly an increasing number of immature bull Fur seals, Arctocephalus gazella, which come ashore in summer).

(iii) Date of designation and originator

(iv) Access points

Access should be from the sea landing at a prominent low rocky promontory or the adjacent cove to the west, on the north side of the island.

(v) Entry permit requirement

Entry into the Area is only in strict accordance with a current permit issued by a Participating Government or its authorised representative, specifically for a compelling scientific purpose which cannot be served elsewhere or for site inspection, and which will not jeopardise any aspect of the natural ecosystem or its biota within the Area (see Antarctic Treaty Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora Article VIII). Details of the visit should be included in the national annual report of Exchange of Information for the same Antarctic season in which the activities were carried out.

(vi) Prohibitions

To avoid or minimise human impact it is prohibited to:

(a) drive any vehicle within the Area;

(b) land a helicopter within the Area;

(c) overfly the Area by any aircraft below 250 m above the highest point;

(d) use any of the Area's coves or bays for anchoring or mooring seacraft, except in accordance with the permit;

(e) incinerate, bury or otherwise dispose of any non-human waste within the Area; all such waste must be removed from the Area;

(f) leave depots of fuel, food, or any other supplies within the Area unless they are further required within the same season, at the end of which they must be removed;

(g) erect any form of building within the Area.

(vii) Pedestrian routes

None specified, but every precaution must be taken to avoid disturbance of any breeding bird or seal or stand of vegetation, unless required as specified in the permit; in particular, areas of Deschampsia and Colobanthus should be avoided wherever possible.

(viii) Scientific research and sampling

All activities must conform strictly with those specified in the permit to enter the Area.

(ix) Inspection and maintenance

Inspection visits to the Area should be made at least once every year to assess the state of the site and to monitor any significant biological or environmental changes, particularly with regard to increasing damage caused by Fur seals to the island's grass-dominated communities. Such visits should also be used to maintain boundary markers, notices, etc.

Management Plan for Specially Protected Area No. 15 Southern Powell Island and adjacent islands, South Orkney Islands

1. Geographical location

Powell Island (60°45°S, 45°02°W) is the third largest of the South Orkney Islands, lying between Coronation Island to the west and Laurie Island to the east.

2. Management Plan

(i) Description of Area

The Area includes all of Powell Island south of the latitude of the southern summit of John Peaks (375 m altitude), together with Michelsen Island (a peninsula rising to 38 m altitude and separated from a long promontory at the south end of Powell Island by a low isthmus which floods at high tide) and adjacent unnamed rocky islets, Christoffersen Island (96 m altitude) to the west, Grey Island (43 m altitude) to the south, and Fredriksen Island (about 300 m altitude) to the east. All but southern Powell Island (Crutchley Ice Piedmont) are mainly ice-free in summer. All intervening sea is included within the Area.

(ii) Reason for designation

The Area is of exceptional biological interest supporting limited stands of vegetation typical of biotically influenced coastal habitats of the region, and considerable populations of a diversity of bird and seal species. The bryophyte vegetation is best developed at the extreme north-west corner of the Area on south-west Powell Island, on Christoffersen Island and locally on northern Fredriksen Island; elsewhere there are extensive nitrophilous lichen communities on the rocks and cliffs. There are several biotically contaminated melt pools and streams, especially on the beach on the east side of southern Powell Island where Crutchley Ice Piedmont is receding.

Large numbers of penguins and petrels breed throughout the Area. There are about 50,000 breeding pairs of Chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica) of which about 80% occur on Fredriksen Island, and about the same number of Adlie penguins (P. adeliae) of which almost all occur in the southern Powell-Michelsen Island area. There are about 3,000 pairs of Gentoo penguins (P. papua) breeding on the southern promontory of Powell Island, Michelsen Island and Christoffersen Island. There are also a few pairs of Macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus). Other breeding birds include Southern Giant petrels (Macronectes giganteus), Cape petrels (Daption capensis), Snow petrels (Pagodroma nivea), Wilson's storm petrels (Oceanites oceanicus), Blue-eyed shags (Phalacrocorax atriceps), Dominican gulls (Larus dominicanus), Antarctic terns (Sterna vittata), Brown skuas (Catharacta lonnbergii), Sheathbills (Chionis alba), and possibly Antarctic prions (Pachyptila desolata) and Black bellied storm petrels (Fregatta tropica). The isthmus between southern Powell Island and Michelsen Island is the longest-known breeding site in the Antarctic for Fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) since their extermination in the nineteenth century. However, the small number of pups born annually has not increased substantially; a few pups are also born on suitable beaches on Fredriksen Island. Other seals are frequent on the beaches, e.g. Elephant seals (Mirounga leonina), Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) and Leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx), and Crabeater seals (Lobodon carcinophagus) are occasionally seen on ice floes within the Area.

(iii) Date of designation and originator

(iv) Access points

None specified, but access should preferably be from the sea.

(v) Entry permit requirement

Entry into the Area is only in strict accordance with a current permit issued by a Participating Government or its authorised representative, specifically for a compelling scientific purpose which cannot be served elsewhere or for site inspection, and which will not jeopardise any aspect of the natural ecosystem or its biota within the Area (see Antarctic Treaty Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora Article VIII). Details of the visit should be included in the national annual report of Exchange of Information for the same Antarctic season in which the activities were carried out.

(vi) Prohibitions

To avoid or minimise human impact it is prohibited to:

(a) drive any vehicle within the Area;

(b) land a helicopter within the Area except on the north-eastern part of the beach on the east side of the promontory of southern Powell Island providing there are no aggregations of wildlife, or on unvegetated areas in the north of Fredriksen Island, both to be at least 0.5 km from any bird or seal colonies or aggregations;

(c) overfly the Area by any aircraft below 250 m above the highest point;

(d) use any of the Area's coves or bays for anchoring or mooring seacraft except in accordance with the permit; ships may anchor only in the strait between Michelsen and Fredriksen Island;

(e) incinerate, bury or otherwise dispose of any non-human waste within the Area; all such waste must be removed from the Area;

(f) leave depots of fuel, food, or any other supplies within the Area, unless they are further required within the same season, at the end of which they must be removed;

(g) erect any form of building within the Area.

(vii) Pedestrian routes

None specified, but every precaution must be taken to avoid disturbance of any breeding bird (especially Giant petrels, which pedestrians should not approach closer than 100 m) or seal or stand of vegetation, unless required as specified in the permit.

(viii) Scientific research and sampling

All activities must conform strictly with those specified in the permit to enter the Area.

(ix) Inspection and maintenance

Inspection visits to the Area should be made at least once every five years to assess the state of the site and to monitor any significant biological or environmental changes. Other visits should be made as necessary to maintain boundary markers, notices, etc.

Management Plan for Specially Protected Area No. 16 Coppermine Peninsula, Robert Island, South Shetland Islands

1. Geographical location

Coppermine Peninsula (62°23°S, 59°42°W) is situated on the west side of Robert Island, which lies between Nelson Island to the east and Greenwich Island to the west, midway along the South Shetland Islands archipelago.

2. Management Plan

(i) Description of Area

The Area comprises all land west of a north-south line across the isthmus between Carlota Cove and Coppermine Cove, 100 m west of a small group of Chilean refuge huts. The Peninsula is about 1.7 km from south-east to north-west and up to 0.6 km from north-east to south-west, and is largely surrounded by precipitous cliffs. There are three prominent low hills which reach a highest point at about 220 m. The eastermost lies close to the isthmus; there is a central hill composed of basaltic columns referred to as ‘Neptune's Cathedral’, and the westernmost is situated above Fort William at the extreme west of the Peninsula. The isthmus (mainly outside the Area) is a 250 m wide raised beach reaching about 10 m altitude. Much of the higher ground is permanently ice covered. There are numerous small streams and pools in summer.

(ii) Reason for designation

Coppermine Peninsula is a biologically rich area with a diverse biota typical of the South Shetland Islands. It supports a wide range of plant communities with associated invertebrate fauna; the vertebrate fauna is also particularly well represented. The outstanding feature of the vegetation is a 1.5 ha closed carpet of the mosses Calliergidium austro-stramineum, Calliergon sarmentosum and Drepanocladus uncinatus, representing one of the largest continuous moss stands in the Antarctic. It overlies a thick layer of wet moss peat. Large stands of the foliose cyanobacterium Nostoc commune occur on moist slopes and in depressions. A large number of bryophyte and lichen species occur within the Area, and Antarctic hair grass (Deschampsia antarctica) is frequent. A small colony of Chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica) occurs at Fort William. There are about 30 small colonies of Southern Giant petrels (Macronectes giganteus). Other breeding species include about 2,000 nests of Wilson's storm petrels (Oceanites oceanicus) in at least 13 colonies, up to 1,000 Antarctic terns (Sterna vittata) in nine colonies, 300-400 Dominican gulls (Larus dominicanus) in ten colonies, and numerous Brown skuas (Catharacta lonnbergii). Seals are common around the peninsula and frequently haul out at the isthmus, notably Elephant seals (Mirounga leonina), Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) and increasingly large numbers of Fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella).

(iii) Date of designation and originator

November 1966, Recommendation IV-10, by Chile.

(iv) Access points

Access should be from the isthmus outside the Area by sea from Coppermine Cove or Carlota Cove, or by helicopter also to the east of the Area.

(v) Entry permit requirement

Entry into the Area is only in strict accordance with a current permit, issued by a Participating Government or its authorised representative, specifically for a compelling scientific purpose which cannot be served elsewhere or for site inspection, and which will not jeopardise any aspect of the natural ecosystem or its biota within the Area (see Antarctic Treaty Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora Article VIII). Details of the visit should be included in the national annual report of Exchange of Information for the same Antarctic season in which the activities were carried out.

(vi) Prohibitions

To avoid or minimise human impact it is prohibited to:

(a) drive any vehicle within the Area;

(b) land a helicopter within the Area;

(c) overfly the Area by any aircraft below 250 m above the highest point;

(d) use any of the Area's coves or bays for anchoring or mooring seacraft, except in accordance with the permit;

(e) incinerate, bury or otherwise dispose of any non-human waste within the Area; all such waste must be removed from the Area;

(f) leave depots of fuel, food, or any other supplies within the Area unless they are required within the same season, at the end of which they must be removed;

(g) erect any form of building within the Area.

(vii) Pedestrian routes

None specified, but every precaution must be taken to avoid disturbance of any breeding bird (especially Giant petrels, which pedestrians should not approach closer than 100 m) or seal or stand of vegetation (especially the extensive carpet of moss on the isthmus), unless required as specified in the permit.

(viii) Scientific research and sampling

All activities mst conform strictly with those specified in the permit to enter the Area.

(ix) Inspection and maintenance

Inspection visits to the Area should be made at least once every three years to assess the state of the site and to monitor any significant biological or environmental changes. Other visits should be made as necessary to maintain boundary markers, notices, etc.

Management Plan for Specially Protected Area No. 18 North Coronation Island, South Orkney Islands

1. Geographical location

Coronation Island (60°38°S, 45°35°W) is the largest of the South Orkney Islands, situated at the west end of the archipelago.

2. Management Plan

(i) Description of Area

The Area lies on the central north side of Coronation Island. It is bounded to the east by Foul Point (60°32°S, 45°29°W) and to the west by Conception Point (60°31°S, 45°41°W); the entire area between these points, together with the intervening sea, is included in the site. The eastern boundary follows a precipitous ridge 6 km southward to a position at 2,500 ft (c. 750 m) altitude immediately to the west of Mount Nivea summit (60°35°S, 45°29°W), thence west-south-westward for 5.5 km to a position at 3,000 ft (c. 900 m) altitude to the north-east of Wave Peak summit (60°37°S, 45°36°W), and from there 4 km westward across the Brisbane Heights plateau, then 4 km north-north-west to an unnamed summit at 3,532 ft (c. 1,060 m) and north for 6 km to Conception Point. The summits of Mount Nivea and Wave Peak and the col known as High Stile are outside the Area. Ommanney Bay and the unnamed bay to the west are included within the Area, south of the boundary between Conception and Foul points (11.5 km).

(ii) Reason for designation

The Area embraces areas of coastal ice-free terrain (Conception, Prong and Foul Points) with large seabird colonies and lichen-dominated cliffs, and permanent icefields (two major glaciers and ice cliffs rising to the Brisbane Heights plateau) which provide an excellent representative area of a pristine ice environment near the northern limit of the maritime Antarctic and Antarctic Treaty area. The interrelated terrestrial, ice and marine components of the Area comprise an integrated example of the coastal permanent ice and sublittoral ecosystems typical of the maritime Antarctic environment.

(iii) Date of designation and originator

(iv) Access points

None specified.

(v) Entry permit requirement

Entry into the Area is only in strict accordance with a current permit, issued by a Participating Government or its authorised representative, specifically for a compelling scientific purpose which cannot be served elsewhere or for site inspection, and which will not jeopardise any aspect of the natural ecosystem or its biota within the Area (see Antarctic Treaty Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora Article VIII). Details of the visit should be included in the national annual report of Exchange of Information for the same Antarctic season in which the activities were carried out.

(vi) Prohibitions

To avoid or minimise human impact it is prohibited to:

(a) drive any vehicle within the Area;

(b) land a helicopter within 0.5 km of any bird or seal colonies or aggregations, or on any of the icefields;

(c) overfly Conception, Prong or Foul Points below 250 m above their respective highest points;

(d) use any of the Area's coves or bays for anchoring or mooring seacraft, except in accordance with the permit; ships must not enter the Area;

(e) incinerate, bury or otherwise dispose of any non-human waste within the Area; all such waste, including human waste in all ice-covered areas, must be removed from the Area;

(f) leave depots of fuel, food, or any other supplies within the Area, unless they are further required within the same season, at the end of which they must be removed;

(g) erect any form of building within the Area.

(vii) Pedestrian routes

None specified, but every precaution must be taken to avoid disturbance of any breeding bird or seal.

(viii) Scientific research and sampling

All activities must conform strictly with those specified in the permit to enter the Area.

(ix) Inspection and maintenance

Inspection visits to the Area should be made no more than once every five years to assess the state of the site and to monitor any significant biological or environmental changes. Other visits should be made as necessary to maintain boundary markers, notices, etc.

Management Plan for Specially Protected Area No. 19 Lagotellerie Island, Marguerite Bay, Antarctic Peninsula

1. Geographical location

Lagotellerie Island (67°53°S, 67°24°W) lies about 3 km west of the southern part of Horseshoe Island, Marguerite Bay, south-west Antarctic Peninsula.

2. Management Plan

(i) Description of Area

Lagotellerie Island is about 2 km from east to west by about 1 km from north to south, and rises steeply to twin summits of c. 270 and 290 m altitude separated by a broad saddle. The north side of the island is largely snow-free with extensive low-lying ground. The south and east sides have precipitous cliffs up to 180 m high; much of the north side also has steep cliffs dissected by gullys and traversed by broad rock terraces. There are no permanent streams or pools.

(ii) Reason for designation

The island has a relatively diverse flora and luxuriant development of plant communities, representative of the southern maritime Antarctic region. The north side supports an abundance of Antarctic hair grass (Deschampsia antarctica) which on some of the terraces forms closed swards up to 10 m2. Antarctic pearlwort (Colobanthus quitensis) is also frequent. Both species are close to the southern limit of their range. There is also a rich cryptogamic flora with well-developed communities containing several rare mosses and lichens. Beneath the closed grass and moss stands a rich loamy earth up to 25 cm deep has developed, with a rich invertebrate fauna and microbiota. The island is one of the southernmost sites for the apterous midge Belgica antarctica. There is a colony of about 1,000 pairs of Adlie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) at the southeast corner of the island. Here, there is also a small colony of about 30 pairs of Blue-eyed shags (Phalacrocorax atriceps), which is one of the farthest south breeding sites for the species. Brown and South Polar skuas (Catharacti lonnbergii and C. maccormicki) are abundant and several pairs of each nest on this island.

(iii) Date of designation and proposer nation

(iv) Access points

None specified.

(v) Entry permit requirement

Entry into the Area is only in strict accordance with a current permit, issued by a Participating Government or its authorised representative, specifically for a compelling scientific purpose which cannot be served elsewhere or for site inspection, and which will not jeopardise any aspect of the natural ecosystem or its biota within the Area (see Antarctic Treaty Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora Article VIII). Details of the visit should be included in the national annual report of Exchange of Information for the same Antarctic season in which the activities were carried out.

(vi) Prohibitions

To avoid or minimise human impact it is prohibited to:

(a) land a helicopter within the Area except on the low-lying unvegetated ground in the mid north side of the island and on the saddle between the two peaks;

(b) overfly the Area by any aircraft below 250 m above the highest point;

(c) use any of the Area's coves for anchoring or mooring seacraft, except in accordance with the permit;

(d) incinerate, bury or otherwise dispose of any non-human waste within the Area; all such waste must be removed from the Area;

(e) leave depots of fuel, food, or any other supplies within the Area unless they are further required within the same season, at the end of which they must be removed;

(f) erect any form of building within the Area.

(vii) Pedestrian routes

None specified, but every precaution must be taken to avoid disturbance of any breeding bird or seal or stand of vegetation, unless required as specified in the permit.

(viii) Scientific research and sampling

All activities must conform strictly with those specified in the permit to enter the Area.

(ix) Inspection and maintenance

Inspection visits to the Area should be made at least once every five years to assess the state of the site and to monitor any significant biological or environmental changes. Other visits should be made as necessary to maintain boundary markers, notices, etc.

XVI - 7 ANTARCTIC PROTECTED AREA SYSTEM Sites of Special Scientific Interest: Extension of Designation

The Representatives,

Recalling Recommendations VIII-3, VIII-4, XII-5 and XIII-7;

Noting that:

(1) in accordance with paragraph 2 of Recommendation VIII-3, the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR), at its Twenty-First Meeting at Sao Paulo, Brazil (24-27 July 1990) had reviewed the eight Sites of Special Scientific Interest designated in Recommendations VIII-4, XIII-8 and XIV-5;

(2) experience of the practical effect of the Management Plans for these sites has shown them to be an effective means of reducing the risks of harmful interference in areas of special scientific interest;

(3) no changes to the Management Plans of these sites had been proposed by SCAR. Recommend to their Governments that:

(i) The date of expiry of designation of Sites:

No. 4 -

Cape Crozier, Ross Island;

No. 5 -

Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands;

No. 7 -

Haswell Island;

No. 10 -

Caughley Beach, Cape Bird, Ross Island;

No. 11 -

Tramway Ridge, Mt Erebus, Ross Island;

No. 12 -

Canada Glacier, Lake Fryxell, Taylor Valley, Victoria Land;

No. 18 -

North-West White Island, McMurdo Sound

be extended to 31 December 2001; and that,

(ii) The date of expiry of designation of Site:

No. 22 -

Yukidori Valley, Langhovde, Lutzow - Holm Bay

be extended to 31 December 2003. (iii) They use their best endeavours to ensure, in accordance with paragraphs 3 and 4 of Recommendation VIII-3, that the Management Plans of these Sites are observed.

XVI - 8 ANTARCTIC PROTECTED AREA SYSTEM Specially Protected Area No. 22 Cryptogam Ridge; Mount Melbourne, Victoria Land

The Representatives,

Recalling Recommendations XV-8 and XV-9;

Noting that a Management Plan has been prepared and approved by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR);

Considering that Cryptogam Ridge on the southern rim of the main summit crater of Mount Melbourne includes areas of geothermal activity which are ice-free and surrounded by numerous ice hummocks and scattered ice towers, and that the geothermal ground supports a unique community of bryophytes, algae and microbiota including very rare species, and that this fragile habitat is of exceptional biological interest and, to maintain its unique pristine state, should be afforded maximum protection from human influence;

Recommend to their Governments that the following area of outstanding scientific interest be inserted in Annex B, Specially Protected Areas, of the Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora, together with the annexed Management Plan:

Specially Protected Area No. 22

Cryptogam Ridge, Mount Melbourne, Victoria Land. Mount Melbourne (74°21°S, 164°42°E) lies between Wood Bay and Campbell Glacier, northern Victoria Land, on the western side of the Ross Sea.

ANNEX TO RECOMMENDATION XVI - 8 Specially Protected Area No. 22 Cryptogam Ridge, Mount Melbourne, Victoria Land

1. Geographical location

Mount Melbourne (74°21°S, 164°42°E) lies between Wood Bay and Campbell Glacier, northern Victoria Land, on the western side of the Ross Sea.

2. Management Plan

(i) Description of Area

The Area includes most of Cryptogam Ridge on the southern rim of the main summit crater (2,733 m altitude), and extends to about 1,200 m by 500 m. Geothermal activity occurs along about 300-400 m of the ridge and is marked by discontinuous areas of ice-free ground, surrounded by numerous ice hummocks up to 1 m high and scattered hollow ice towers up to several metres in diametre and 4 m high. The warm ice-free areas are mostly gently sloping with narrow terraces up to 1.5 m wide. More general details for the adjacent areas are given for the surrounding SSSI No. 24. (ii) Reason for designation

The geothermal ground within the Area supports a unique community of bryophytes, algae and microbiota, including the only known occurrence in the Antarctic of the moss Campylopus pyriformis and the very rare continental occurrence of the liverwort Cephaloziella exiliflora, otherwise unknown above about 500 m elsewhere in the Antarctic. This site is comparable with the one other known high altitude geothermally influenced ice-free area near the summit of Mount Erebus. This fragile and sterile habitat is of exceptional biological interest and should be afforded maximum protection from human influence to maintain its unique pristine state.

(iii) Date of designation and originator

June 1990; New Zealand and Italy.

(iv) Access points

Access should be only from either end of Cryptogam Ridge and not from the ridge slopes.

(v) Entry permit requirement

Entry into the Area is only in strict accordance with a current permit, issued by a Participating Government or its authorised representative, specifically for a compelling scientific purpose which cannot be served elsewhere, or for site inspection, and which will not jeopardise any aspect of the natural ecosystem or its biota within the Area (see Antarctic Treaty Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora, Article VIII). Details of the visit should be included in the national annual report of Exchange of Information for the same Antarctic season in which the activities were carried out.

(vi) Prohibitions

To avoid or minimise human impact it is prohibited to:

(a) enter the Area without wearing sterile protective overclothing and footwear, to be provided by the supporting national operator;

(b) use any sampling or other equipment within the Area which has not been first sterilised using an acceptable method;

(c) land a helicopter within the Area; helicopters should land near the summit of Mount Melbourne only at a specified point in or adjacent to the main crater, no closer than 200 m from the boundary of the Area;

(d) incinerate, bury or otherwise dispose of any waste, including all human waste, within the Area; all such waste must be removed from the Area;

(e) bring into the Area any fuel or food, or leave any form of other supplies within the Area, other than markers required for monitoring studies;

(f) erect any form of building within the Area.

(vii) Pedestrian routes

None specified, but pedestrians must not use the ridge crest as a way of access to parts of the surrounding SSSI. Extreme precaution must be taken to avoid disturbance of all ice-free ground or interference with ice structures within the Area, unless required as specified in the permit.

(viii) Scientific research and sampling

Where at all possible collections and general observations of geothermal soils and organisms should be made from positions outside the Area, unless directly related to the monitoring of Cryptogam Ridge; all activities within the Area must conform strictly with those specified in the permit to enter the Area.

(ix) Inspection and maintenance

Inspection visits should be made to the Area no more than once every five years to assess the state of the site and to monitor any significant biological or environmental changes. Other visits should be made as necessary to maintain boundary markers, notices, etc.

XVI - 9 ANTARCTIC PROTECTED AREA SYSTEM Specially Protected Area No. 23 Forlidas Pond and Davis Valley Ponds

The Representatives,

Recalling Recommendations XV-8 and XV-9;

Noting that a Management Plan has been prepared and approved by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR);

Considering that the Area contains some of the most southerly freshwater ponds known in Antarctica containing plant life, and that these ponds and their immediate catchments should be protected as examples of unique near-pristine ecosystems which should be afforded maximum protection from human influence;

Recommend to their Governments that the following Area of outstanding scientific interest be inserted in Annex B, Specially Protected Areas, of the Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora, together with the annexed Management Plan:

Specially Protected Area No. 23

Forlidas Pond and Davis Valley Ponds, situated near the east end of the Dufek Massif at position 82°27°15°S, 51°21°W. The Area includes smaller ponds that occur along the ice margin at the northern edge of Davis Valley, a short distance east of Forlidas Pond.

ANNEX TO RECOMMENDATION XVI - 9 Specially Protected Area No. 23 Forlidas Pond and Davis Valley Ponds

1. Geographical location

Forlidas Pond, about 100 m in diameter, is situated near the east end of the Dufek Massif in a small unnamed dry valley about 1 km east of the northern edge of Forlidas Ridge and about 1 km northwest of Davis Valley. The unnamed dry valley is separated from Davis Valley by a northeast trending ridge several kilometres long. The position of Forlidas Pond is 82°27°15°S, 15°21°W. The Area includes smaller ponds that occur along the ice margin at the northern edge of Davis Valley, a short distance east of Forlidas Pond.

2. Management Plan

(i) Description of Area

The Area consists of two parts, shown on the attached map, about 500 m apart:

A. All that area within 500 m of the centre of Forlidas Pond;

B. All that area within a 500 m radius of several meltwater ponds at the ice margin along the northern edge of Davis Valley.

(ii) Reason for designation

The Area contains some of the most southerly freshwater ponds known in Antarctica containing plant life which would be threatened by possible contamination by human activity. The only visitors to Forlidas Pond have been geologists and geophysicists in 1957 and possibly one or two other parties. The ponds in Davis Valley were visited in 1978 by geologists. No botanists or zoologists have visited the Area. These ponds are located in SRA NO. 1, North Side of Dufek Massif, which could attract visitors such as scientists or tourists.

They should be protected as examples of unique near-pristine freshwater ecosystems and their catchments.

(iii) Date of designation and originator

October, 1991, USA. (iv) Access points

None specified.

(v) Entry permit requirements

Entry into the Area is only in strict accordance with a current permit, issued by a Participating Government or its authorised representative, specifically for a compelling scientific purpose which cannot be served elsewhere, or for site inspection, and which will not jeopardise any aspect of the natural ecosystem or its biota within the Area. Details of visits should be included in national annual reports of Exchange of Information for the same Antarctic season in which the activities were carried out.

(vi) Prohibitions

None specified, but camping and the landing of helicopters should be avoided within 1 kilometre of the Area.

(vii) Pedestrian routes

None specified, but every precaution must be taken to avoid disturbance of biota, soil, water, and periglacial features, unless required as specified in the permit.

(viii) Scientific research and sampling

Taking of samples of biota or soils should be done only for a compelling scientific purpose and must conform strictly with the activities specified in the permit to enter the Area.

(ix) Inspection and maintenance

Inspection visits should be made when opportunity arises to assess the state of the Area and to monitor biological and environmental change, and to maintain boundary markers, notices, etc.

The Representatives,

Recalling Article VIII of the Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora and Recommendations V - 4, VI - 14, VII - 2, VII - 9, VIII - 3, XV - 10, XV - 11;

Recalling the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty done at Madrid on 4th October 1991;

Recommend to their Governments that:

(i) The Annex attached to this Recommendation form Annex V on Area Protection and Management to the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty;

(ii) The Annex become effective upon the date on which both the Protocol on Environmental Protection shall have entered into force and this Recommendation shall have been approved by all Consultative Parties entitled to attend the XVIth Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting.

For the purposes of this Annex:

a)

‘appropriate authority’ means any person or agency authorised by a Party to issue permits under this Annex;

b)

‘permit’ means a formal permission in writing issued by an appropriate authority;

c)

‘Management Plan’ means a plan to manage the activities and protect the special value or values in an Antarctic Specially Protected Area or an Antarctic Specially Managed Area.

For the purposes set out in this Annex, any area, including any marine area, may be designated as an Antarctic Specially Protected Area or an Antarctic Specially Managed Area. Activities in those Areas shall be prohibited, restricted or managed in accordance with Management Plans adopted under the provisions of this Annex.

1.

Any area, including any marine area, may be designated as an Antarctic Specially Protected Area to protect outstanding environmental, scientific, historic, aesthetic or wilderness values, any combination of those values, or ongoing or planned scientific research.

2.

Parties shall seek to identify, within a systematic environmental-geographical framework, and to include in the series of Antarctic Specially Protected Areas:

(a)

areas kept inviolate from human interference so that future comparisons may be possible with localities that have been affected by human activities;

(b)

representative examples of major terrestrial, including glacial and aquatic, ecosystems and marine ecosystems;

(c)

areas with important or unusual assemblages of species, including major colonies of breeding native birds or mammals;

(d)

the type locality or only known habitat of any species;

(e)

areas of particular interest to ongoing or planned scientific research;

(f)

examples of outstanding geological, glaciological or geomorphological features;

(g)

areas of outstanding aesthetic and wilderness value;

(h)

sites or monuments of recognised historic value; and

(i)

such other areas as may be appropriate to protect the values set out in paragraph 1 above.

3.

Specially Protected Areas and Sites of Special Scientific Interest designated as such by past Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings are hereby designated as Antarctic Specially Protected Areas and shall be renamed and renumbered accordingly.

4.

Entry into an Antarctic Specially Protected Area shall be prohibited except in accordance with a permit issued under Article 7.

1.

Any area, including any marine area, where activities are being conducted or may in the future be conducted, may be designated as an Antarctic Specially Managed Area to assist in the planning and co-ordination of activities, avoid possible conflicts, improve co-operation between Parties or minimise environmental impacts.

2.

Antarctic Specially Managed Areas may include:

(a)

areas where activities pose risks of mutual interference or cumulative environmental impacts; and

(b)

sites or monuments of recognised historic value.

3.

Entry into an Antarctic Specially Managed Area shall not require a permit.

4.

Notwithstanding paragraph 3 above, an Antarctic Specially Managed Area may contain one or more Antarctic Specially Protected Areas, entry into which shall be prohibited except in accordance with a permit issued under Article 7.

1.

Any Party, the Committee, the Scientific Committee for Antarctic Research or the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources may propose an area for designation as an Antarctic Specially Protected Area or an Antarctic Specially Managed Area by submitting a proposed Management Plan to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting.

2.

The area proposed for designation shall be of sufficient size to protect the values for which the special protection or management is required.

3.

Proposed Management Plans shall include, as appropriate:

(a)

a description of the value or values for which special protection or management is required;

(b)

a statement of the aims and objectives of the Management Plan for the protection or management of those values;

(c)

management activities which are to be undertaken to protect the values for which special protection or management is required;

(d)

a period of designation, if any;

(e)

a description of the area, including:

(i)

the geographical co-ordinates, boundary markers and natural features that delineate the area;

(ii)

access to the area by land, sea or air including marine approaches and anchorages, pedestrian and vehicular routes within the area and aircraft routes and landing areas;

(iii)

the location of structures, including scientific stations, research or refuge facilities, both within the area and near to it; and

(iv)

the location in or near the area of other Antarctic Specially Protected Areas or Antarctic Specially Managed Areas designated under this Annex, or other protected areas designated in accordance with measures adopted under other components of the Antarctic Treaty system;

(f)

the identification of zones within the area, in which activities are to be prohibited, restricted or managed for the purpose of achieving the aims and objectives referred to in subparagraph (b) above;

(g)

maps and photographs that show clearly the boundary of the area in relation to surrounding features and key features within the area;

(h)

supporting documentation;

(i)

in respect of an area proposed for designation as an Antarctic Specially Protected Area, a clear description of the conditions under which permits may be granted by the appropriate authority regarding:

(i)

access to and movement within or over the area;

(ii)

activities which are or may be conducted within the area, including restrictions on time and place;

(iii)

the installation, modification, or removal of structures;

(iv)

the location of field camps;

(v)

restrictions on materials and organisms which may be brought into the area;

(vi)

the taking of or harmful interference with native flora and fauna;

(vii)

the collection or removal of anything not brought into the area by the permit-holder;

(viii)

the disposal of waste;

(ix)

measures that may be necessary to ensure that the aims and objectives of the Management Plan can continue to be met; and

(x)

requirements for reports to be made to the appropriate authority regarding visits to the area;

(j)

in respect of an area proposed for designation as an Antarctic Specially Managed Area, a code of conduct regarding:

(i)

access to and movement within or over the area;

(ii)

activities which are or may be conducted within the area, including restrictions on time and place;

(iii)

the installation, modification, or removal of structures;

(iv)

the location of field camps;

(v)

the taking of or harmful interference with native flora and fauna;

(vi)

the collection or removal of anything not brought into the area by the visitor;

(vii)

the disposal of waste; and

(viii)

any requirements for reports to be made to the appropriate authority regarding visits to the area; and

(k)

provisions relating to the circumstances in which Parties should seek to exchange information in advance of activities which they propose to conduct.

1.

Proposed Management Plans shall be forwarded to the Committee, the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research and, as appropriate, to the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. In formulating its advice to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting, the Committee shall take into account any comments provided by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research and, as appropriate, by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. Thereafter Management Plans may be approved by the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties by a measure adopted at an Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting in accordance with Article IX(1) of the Antarctic Treaty. Unless the measure specifies otherwise, the Plan shall be deemed to have been approved 90 days after the close of the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting at which it was adopted, unless one or more of the Consultative Parties notifies the Depositary, within that time period, that it wishes an extension of that period or is unable to approve the measure.

2.

Having regard to the provisions of Articles 4 and 5 of the Protocol, no marine area shall be designated as an Antarctic Specially Protected Area or an Antarctic Specially Managed Area without the prior approval of the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources.

3.

Designation of an Antarctic Specially Protected Area or an Antarctic Specially Managed Area shall be for an indefinite period unless the Management Plan provides otherwise. A review of a Management Plan shall be initiated at least every five years. The Plan shall be updated as necessary.

4.

Management Plans may be amended or revoked in accordance with paragraph 1 above.

5.

Upon approval Management Plans shall be circulated promptly by the Depositary to all Parties. The Depositary shall maintain a record of all currently approved Management Plans.

1.

Each Party shall appoint an appropriate authority to issue permits to enter and engage in activities within an Antarctic Specially Protected Area in accordance with the requirements of the Management Plan relating to that Area. The permit shall be accompanied by the relevant sections of the Management Plan and shall specify the extent and location of the Area, the authorised activities and when, where and by whom the activities are authorised and any other conditions imposed by the Management Plan.

2.

In the case of a Specially Protected Area designated as such by past Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings which does not have a Management Plan, the appropriate authority may issue a permit for a compelling scientific purpose which cannot be served elsewhere and which will not jeopardise the natural ecological system in that Area.

3.

Each Party shall require a permit-holder to carry a copy of the permit while in the Antarctic Specially Protected Area concerned.

1.

Sites or monuments of recognised historic value which have been designated as Antarctic Specially Protected Areas or Antarctic Specially Managed Areas, or which are located within such Areas, shall be listed as Historic Sites and Monuments.

2.

Any Party may propose a site or monument of recognised historic value which has not been designated as an Antarctic Specially Protected Area or an Antarctic Specially Managed Area, or which is not located within such an Area, for listing as a Historic Site or Monument. The proposal for listing may be approved by the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties by a measure adopted at an Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting in accordance with Article IX (1) of the Antarctic Treaty. Unless the measure specifies otherwise, the proposal shall be deemed to have been approved 90 days after the close of the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting at which it was adopted, unless one or more of the Consultative Parties notifies the Depositary, within that time period, that it wishes an extension of that period or is unable to approve the measure.

3.

Existing Historic Sites and Monuments which have been listed as such by previous Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings shall be included in the list of Historic Sites and Monuments under this Article.

4.

Listed Historic Sites and Monuments shall not be damaged, removed or destroyed.

5.

The list of Historic Sites and Monuments may be amended in accordance with paragraph 2 above. The Depositary shall maintain a list of current Historic Sites and Monuments.

1.

With a view to ensuring that all persons visiting or proposing to visit Antarctica understand and observe the provisions of this Annex, each Party shall make available information setting forth, in particular:

(a)

the location of Antarctic Specially Protected Areas and Antarctic Specially Managed Areas;

(b)

listing and maps of those Areas;

(c)

the Management Plans, including listings of prohibitions relevant to each Area;

(d)

the location of Historic Sites and Monuments and any relevant prohibition or restriction.

2.

Each Party shall ensure that the location and, if possible, the limits, of Antarctic Specially Protected Areas, Antarctic Specially Managed Areas and Historic Sites and Monuments are shown on its topographic maps, hydrographic charts and in other relevant publications.

3.

Parties shall co-operate to ensure that, where appropriate, the boundaries of Antarctic Specially Protected Areas, Antarctic Specially Managed Areas and Historic Sites and Monuments are suitably marked on the site.

1.

The Parties shall make arrangements for:

(a)

collecting and exchanging records, including records of permits and reports of visits, including inspection visits, to Antarctic Specially Protected Areas and reports of inspection visits to Antarctic Specially Managed Areas;

(b)

obtaining and exchanging information on any significant change or damage to any Antarctic Specially Managed Area, Antarctic Specially Protected Area or Historic Site or Monument; and

(c)

establishing common forms in which records and information shall be submitted by Parties in accordance with paragraph 2 below.

2.

Each Party shall inform the other Parties and the Committee before the end of November of each year of the number and nature of permits issued under this Annex in the preceding period of 1st July to 30th June.

3.

Each Party conducting, funding or authorising research or other activities in Antarctic Specially Protected Areas or Antarctic Specially Managed Areas shall maintain a record of such activities and in the annual exchange of information in accordance with the Treaty shall provide summary descriptions of the activities conducted by persons subject to its jurisdiction in such areas in the preceding year.

4.

Each Party shall inform the other Parties and the Committee before the end of November each year of measures it has taken to implement this Annex, including any site inspections and any steps it has taken to address instances of activities in contravention of the provisions of the approved Management Plan for an Antarctic Specially Protected Area or Antarctic Specially Managed Area.

1.

The restrictions laid down and authorised by this Annex shall not apply in cases of emergency involving safety of human life or of ships, aircraft, or equipment and facilities of high value or the protection of the environment.

2.

Notice of activities undertaken in cases of emergency shall be circulated immediately to all Parties and to the Committee.

1.

This Annex may be amended or modified by a measure adopted in accordance with Article IX(1) of the Antarctic Treaty. Unless the measure specifies otherwise, the amendment or modification shall be deemed to have been approved, and shall become effective, one year after the close of the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting at which it was adopted, unless one or more of the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties notifies the Depositary, within that time period, that it wishes an extension of that period or that it is unable to approve the measure.

2.

Any amendment or modification of this Annex which becomes effective in accordance with paragraph 1 above shall thereafter become effective as to any other Party when notice of approval by it has been received by the Depositary.

XVI - 11 ANTARCTIC PROTECTED AREA SYSTEM New Historic Sites and Monuments

The Representatives,

Recalling Recommendation I-IX, V-4, VI-14, VII-9, XII-7, XIII-16 and XIV-8;

Recommend to their Governments that the following historic sites (monuments) be added to the ‘List of Historic Monuments Identified and Described by the Proposing Government or Governments’ annexed to Recommendation VII-9 and that thereafter they be accorded the respect and protection required by the Recommendations recalled above:

56.

Waterboat Point, Danco Coast, Antarctic Peninsula (64°49°S, 62°52°W). The remains and immediate environs of the Waterboat Point hut, situated close to the unoccupied Chilean station, `Presidente Gabriel Gonzlez Videla'. The Waterboat Point hut, of which only the base of the boat, roots of door posts and an outline of the hut and extension still exist, was occupied by the UK two-man expedition of Bagshawe and Lester in 1921-22. This was, and indeed remains, the smallest expedition ever to overwinter in Antarctica.

57.

Commemorative plaque at Yankee Bay, MacFarlane Strait, Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands, near the Chilean refuge located at latitude 62°32°S and longitude 59°45°W, to the memory of Captain Robert MacFarlane, who in 1820 explored the Antarctic Peninsula Area in the brigantine Dragn.

58.

Cairn with memorial plaque erected at Whalers' Bay, Deception Island, South Shetland Islands, in the vicinity of the whalers' cemetery (Historic Monument No. 31) 62°59°S, 60°34°W, to honour captain Adolfus Amandus Andresen, Antarctic pioneer, who was first to establish a whaling operation at Deception Island in 1906. 59.

A cairn on Half Moon Beach, Cape Shirreff, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, commemorating the officers, soldiers and seamen on board the San Telmo, which sank in September 1819; possibly the first people to live and die in the wastes of Antarctica.

The Representatives,

Recalling that Article 3 of the Antarctic Treaty requires that scientific data be exchanged and made freely available;

Noting that Article 7 of the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty signed in Madrid on 4 October, 1991 prohibits any activity relating to mineral resources other than scientific research;

Aware that solid earth science disciplines have made major contributions to the understanding of our planet, and that such work has long been recognised as having global significance as applied inter alia to studies of plate tectonics and Antarctic glacial history including its effects on world climate;

Reiterating the importance of pursuing geological and geophysical research and their commitment to the disclosure, availability and timely publication of scientific results;

Recommend to their governments that the Seismic Data Library System (SDLS) approved by the SCAR Executive in 1991 and described in the report ‘A SCAR Seismic Data Library System for Co-operative Research’ of the SCAR Group of Specialists on the Evolution of Cenozoic Paleoenvironments of the Southern High Latitudes (GSC) Antarctic Offshore Acoustic Stratigraphy Project (ANTOSTRAT) be implemented. The SDLS requires inter alia that digital data from multichannel seismic reflection surveys be sent to the SDLS within four years of collection and eight years after collection to the World Data Centres or other archives for general dissemination.

The Representatives,

Bearing in mind that the XVth Consultative Meeting agreed that a comprehensive review of tourism and non-governmental activities was required;

Noting that the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty and its Annexes apply to tourist and non-governmental activities in Antarctica;

Recalling that the XIth Special Consultative Meeting asked the XVIth Consultative Meeting to address the issue of tourism and non-governmental activities;

Acknowledging that the Protocol constitutes the framework for further progress in Antarctic environmental protection;

Concerned about the possible effect of increased tourism and non-governmental activities in Antarctica;

Conscious of the need to ensure that the presence of tourists and other visitors in Antarctica be regulated so as to limit adverse impacts on the Antarctic environment and on Antarctic Science:

Recommend to their Governments that:

(i)

An informal meeting of the Parties be convened with a view to making proposals to the XVIIth Consultative Meeting on the question of a comprehensive regulation of tourist and non-governmental activities in Antarctica in accordance with the Protocol and taking into account the proposals made at the present XVIth Consultative Meeting, including proposals for a future Annex to the Protocol on Environmental Protection;

(ii)

Prior to the convening of that meeting and in order to ensure due preparation of its work, proposals should be prepared by them taking into account the list of issues stated below, which the meeting should, inter alia, primarily address:

a)

environmental issues

- implementation of the Protocol on Environmental Protection and its Annexes

- number of tourists/carrying capacity

- homologation of standards relating to vessels

- permanent infrastructure for tourists

- concentration/dispersal of tourist activities

- access to unexplored areas;

b)

operational issues

- notification and expansion of information to be exchanged

- system for granting permission to visit stations

- self-sufficiency

- insurance, including search and rescue insurance

- information obligation of Parties

- preparation and training of tour guides, and visitors' guides

- examination of the need for specific kinds of control and monitoring

- requirements for organisational procedures;

(iii)

The meeting shall begin its work in Venice on 9 November 1992;

(iv)

Representatives of the WTO, IUCN, IAATO, IMO, ASOC, PATA, SCAR and COMNAP be invited to attend the Meeting as observers.