Displaying 1 - 124 of 124

Paragraphs in "International Convention On Liability And Compensation For Damage In Connection With The Carriage Of Hazardous And Noxious Substances By Sea" coded as SUBS

Label Provision
Art.6 Article 6
Art.6.1x Each State Party shall ensure that any obligation arising under this Convention is fulfilled and shall take appropriate measures under its law including the imposing of sanctions as it may deem necessary, with a view to the effective execution of any such obligation.
Chap.2 CHAPTER II
Art.7 Article 7
Art.7.1 1. Except as provided in paragraphs 2 and 3, the owner at the time of an incident shall be liable for damage caused by any hazardous and noxious substances in connection with their carriage by sea on board the ship, provided that if an incident consists of a series of occurrences having the same origin the liability shall attach to the owner at the time of the first of such occurrences.
Art.7.2 2. No liability shall attach to the owner if the owner proves that:
Art.7.2.a (a) the damage resulted from an act of war, hostilities, civil war, insurrection or a natural phenomenon of an exceptional, inevitable and irresistible character; or
Art.7.2.b (b) the damage was wholly caused by an act or omission done with the intent to cause damage by a third party; or
Art.7.2.c (c) the damage was wholly caused by the negligence or other wrongful act of any Government or other authority responsible for the maintenance of lights or other navigational aids in the exercise of that function; or
Art.7.2.d (d) the failure of the shipper or any other person to furnish information concerning the hazardous and noxious nature of the substances shipped either
Art.7.2.d.i (i) has caused the damage, wholly or partly; or
Art.7.2.d.ii (ii) has led the owner not to obtain insurance in accordance with Article 12;
Art.7.2.ex? provided that neither the owner nor its servants or agents knew or ought reasonably to have known of the hazardous and noxious nature of the substances shipped.
Art.7.3 3. If the owner proves that the damage resulted wholly or partly either from an act or omission done with intent to cause damage by the person who suffered the damage or from the negligence of that person, the owner may be exonerated wholly or partially from liability to such person.
Art.7.4 4. No claim for compensation for damage shall be made against the owner otherwise than in accordance with this Convention.
Art.7.5 5. Subject to paragraph 6, no claim for compensation for damage under this Convention or otherwise may be made against:
Art.7.5.a (a) the servants or agents of the owner or the members of the crew;
Art.7.5.b (b) the pilot or any other person who, without being a member of the crew, performs services for the ship;
Art.7.5.c (c) any charterer (howsoever described, including a bareboat charterer), manager or operator of the ship;
Art.7.5.d (d) any person performing salvage operations with the consent of the owner or on the instructions of a competent public authority;
Art.7.5.e (e) any person taking preventive measures; and
Art.7.5.f (f) the servants or agents of persons mentioned in (c), (d) and (e);
Art.7.5.gx unless the damage resulted from their personal act or omission, committed with the intent to cause such damage, or recklessly and with knowledge that such damage would probably result.
Art.7.6 6. Nothing in this Convention shall prejudice any existing right of recourse of the owner against any third party, including, but not limited to, the shipper or the receiver of the substance causing the damage, or the persons indicated in paragraph 5.
Art.8 Article 8
Art.8.1 1. Whenever damage has resulted from an incident involving two or more ships each of which is carrying hazardous and noxious substances, each owner, unless exonerated under Article 7, shall be liable for the damage. The owners shall be jointly and severally liable for all such damage which is not reasonably separable.
Art.8.2 2. However, owners shall be entitled to the limits of liability applicable to each of them under Article 9.
Art.8.3 3. Nothing in this Article shall prejudice any right of recourse of an owner against any other owner.
Art.9 Article 9
Art.9.1 1. The owner of a ship shall be entitled to limit liability under this Convention in respect of any one incident to an aggregate amount calculated as follows:
Art.9.1.a (a) 10 million units of account for a ship not exceeding 2,000 units of tonnage; and
Art.9.1.b (b) for a ship with a tonnage in excess thereof, the following amount in addition to that mentioned in (a):
Art.9.1.b.ix for each unit of tonnage from 2,001 to 50,000 units of tonnage, 1,500 units of account;
Art.9.1.b.iix for each unit of tonnage in excess of 50,000 units of tonnage, 360 units of account;
Art.9.1.cx provided, however, that this aggregate amount shall not in any event exceed 100 million units of account.
Art.9.2 2. The owner shall not be entitled to limit liability under this Convention if it is proved that the damage resulted from the personal act or omission of the owner, committed with the intent to cause such damage, or recklessly and with knowledge that such damage would probably result.
Art.9.3 3. The owner shall, for the purpose of benefitting from the limitation provided for in paragraph 1, constitute a fund for the total sum representing the limit of liability established in accordance with paragraph 1 with the court or other competent authority of any one of the States Parties in which action is brought under Article 38 or, if no action is brought, with any court or other competent authority in any one of the States Parties in which an action can be brought under Article 38. The fund can be constituted either by depositing the sum or by producing a bank guarantee or other guarantee, acceptable under the law of the State Party where the fund is constituted, and considered to be adequate by the court or other competent authority.
Art.9.4 4. Subject to the provisions of Article 11, the fund shall be distributed among the claimants in proportion to the amounts of their established claims.
Art.9.5 5. If before the fund is distributed the owner or any of the servants or agents of the owner or any person providing to the owner insurance or other financial security has as a result of the incident in question, paid compensation for damage, such person shall, up to the amount that person has paid, acquire by subrogation the rights which the person so compensated would have enjoyed under this Convention.
Art.9.6 6. The right of subrogation provided for in paragraph 5 may also be exercised by a person other than those mentioned therein in respect of any amount of compensation for damage which such person may have paid but only to the extent that such subrogation is permitted under the applicable national law.
Art.9.7 7. Where owners or other persons establish that they may be compelled to pay at a later date in whole or in part any such amount of compensation, with regard to which the right of subrogation would have been enjoyed under paragraphs 5 or 6 had the compensation been paid before the fund was distributed, the court or other competent authority of the State where the fund has been constituted may order that a sufficient sum shall be provisionally set aside to enable such person at such later date to enforce the claim against the fund.
Art.9.8 8. Claims in respect of expenses reasonably incurred or sacrifices reasonably made by the owner voluntarily to prevent or minimize damage shall rank equally with other claims against the fund.
Art.9.9.a 9. (a) The amounts mentioned in paragraph 1 shall be converted into national currency on the basis of the value of that currency by reference to the Special Drawing Right on the date of the constitution of the fund referred to in paragraph 3. The value of the national currency, in terms of the Special Drawing Right, of a State Party which is a member of the International Monetary Fund, shall be calculated in accordance with the method of valuation applied by the International Monetary Fund in effect on the date in question for its operations and transactions. The value of the national currency, in terms of the Special Drawing Right, of a State Party which is not a member of the International Monetary Fund, shall be calculated in a manner determined by that State.
Art.9.9.b (b) Nevertheless, a State Party which is not a member of the International Monetary Fund and whose law does not permit the application of the provisions of paragraph 9(a) may, at the time of ratification, acceptance, approval of or accession to this Convention or at any time thereafter, declare that the unit of account referred to in paragraph 9(a) shall be equal to 15 gold francs. The gold franc referred to in this paragraph corresponds to sixty-five-and-a-half milligrammes of gold of millesimal fineness nine hundred. The conversion of the gold franc into the national currency shall be made according to the law of the State concerned.
Art.9.9.c (c) The calculation mentioned in the last sentence of paragraph 9(a) and the conversion mentioned in paragraph 9(b) shall be made in such manner as to express in the national currency of the State Party as far as possible the same real value for the amounts in paragraph 1 as would result from the application of the first two sentences of paragraph 9(a). States Parties shall communicate to the Secretary-General the manner of calculation pursuant to paragraph 9(a), or the result of the conversion in paragraph 9(b) as the case may be, when depositing an instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval of or accession to this Convention and whenever there is a change in either.
Art.9.10 10. For the purpose of this Article the ship's tonnage shall be the gross tonnage calculated in accordance with the tonnage measurement regulations contained in Annex I of the International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, 1969.
Art.9.11 11. The insurer or other person providing financial security shall be entitled to constitute a fund in accordance with this Article on the same conditions and having the same effect as if it were constituted by the owner. Such a fund may be constituted even if, under the provisions of paragraph 2, the owner is not entitled to limitation of liability, but its constitution shall in that case not prejudice the rights of any claimant against the owner.
Art.11 Article 11
Art.11.1x Claims in respect of death or personal injury have priority over other claims save to the extent that the aggregate of such claims exceeds two-thirds of the total amount established in accordance with Article 9, paragraph 1.
Art.12 Article 12
Art.12.1 1. The owner of a ship registered in a State Party and actually carrying hazardous and noxious substances shall be required to maintain insurance or other financial security, such as the guarantee of a bank or similar financial institution, in the sums fixed by applying the limits of liability prescribed in Article 9, paragraph 1, to cover liability for damage under this Convention.
Art.12.2 2. A compulsory insurance certificate attesting that insurance or other financial security is in force in accordance with the provisions of this Convention shall be issued to each ship after the appropriate authority of a State Party has determined that the requirements of paragraph 1 have been complied with. With respect to a ship registered in a State Party such compulsory insurance certificate shall be issued or certified by the appropriate authority of the State of the ship's registry; with respect to a ship not registered in a State Party it may be issued or certified by the appropriate authority of any State Party. This compulsory insurance certificate shall be in the form of the model set out in Annex I and shall contain the following particulars:
Art.12.2.a (a) name of the ship, distinctive number or letters and port of registry;
Art.12.2.b (b) name and principal place of business of the owner;
Art.12.2.c (c) IMO ship identification number;
Art.12.2.d (d) type and duration of security;
Art.12.2.e (e) name and principal place of business of insurer or other person giving security and, where appropriate, place of business where the insurance or security is established; and
Art.12.2.f (f) period of validity of certificate, which shall not be longer than the period of validity of the insurance or other security.
Art.12.3 3. The compulsory insurance certificate shall be in the official language or languages of the issuing State. If the language used is neither English, nor French nor Spanish, the text shall include a translation into one of these languages.
Art.12.4 4. The compulsory insurance certificate shall be carried on board the ship and a copy shall be deposited with the authorities who keep the record of the ship's registry or, if the ship is not registered in a State Party, with the authority of the State issuing or certifying the certificate.
Art.12.5 5. An insurance or other financial security shall not satisfy the requirements of this Article if it can cease, for reasons other than the expiry of the period of validity of the insurance or security specified in the certificate under paragraph 2, before three months have elapsed from the date on which notice of its termination is given to the authorities referred to in paragraph 4, unless the compulsory insurance certificate has been issued within the said period. The foregoing provisions shall similarly apply to any modification which results in the insurance or security no longer satisfying the requirements of this Article.
Art.12.6 6. The State of the ship's registry shall, subject to the provisions of this Article, determine the conditions of issue and validity of the compulsory insurance certificate.
Art.12.7 7. Compulsory insurance certificates issued or certified under the authority of a State Party in accordance with paragraph 2 shall be accepted by other States Parties for the purposes of this Convention and shall be regarded by other States Parties as having the same force as compulsory insurance certificates issued or certified by them even if issued or certified in respect of a ship not registered in a State Party. A State Party may at any time request consultation with the issuing or certifying State should it believe that the insurer or guarantor named in the compulsory insurance certificate is not financially capable of meeting the obligations imposed by this Convention.
Art.12.8 8. Any claim for compensation for damage may be brought directly against the insurer or other person providing financial security for the owner's liability for damage. In such case the defendant may, even if the owner is not entitled to limitation of liability, benefit from the limit of liability prescribed in accordance with paragraph 1. The defendant may further invoke the defences (other than the bankruptcy or winding up of the owner) which the owner would have been entitled to invoke. Furthermore, the defendant may invoke the defence that the damage resulted from the wilful misconduct of the owner, but the defendant shall not invoke any other defence which the defendant might have been entitled to invoke in proceedings brought by the owner against the defendant. The defendant shall in any event have the right to require the owner to be joined in the proceedings.
Art.12.9 9. Any sums provided by insurance or by other financial security maintained in accordance with paragraph 1 shall be available exclusively for the satisfaction of claims under this Convention.
Art.12.10 10. A State Party shall not permit a ship under its flag to which this Article applies to trade unless a certificate has been issued under paragraph 2 or 12.
Art.12.11 11. Subject to the provisions of this Article, each State Party shall ensure, under its national law, that insurance or other security in the sums specified in paragraph 1 is in force in respect of any ship, wherever registered, entering or leaving a port in its territory, or arriving at or leaving an offshore facility in its territorial sea.
Art.12.12 12. If insurance or other financial security is not maintained in respect of a ship owned by a State Party, the provisions of this Article relating thereto shall not be applicable to such ship, but the ship shall carry a compulsory insurance certificate issued by the appropriate authorities of the State of the ship's registry stating that the ship is owned by that State and that the ship's liability is covered within the limit prescribed in accordance with paragraph 1. Such a compulsory insurance certificate shall follow as closely as possible the model prescribed by paragraph 2.
Chap.3 CHAPTER III
Art.21 Article 21
Art.21.1 1. Each State Party shall ensure that any person liable to pay contributions in accordance with Articles 18, 19 or paragraph 5 of this Article appears on a list to be established and kept up to date by the Director in accordance with the provisions of this Article.
Art.21.2 2. For the purposes set out in paragraph 1, each State Party shall communicate to the Director, at a time and in the manner to be prescribed in the internal regulations of the HNS Fund, the name and address of any person who in respect of the State is liable to pay contributions in accordance with Articles 18, 19 or paragraph 5 of this Article, as well as data on the relevant quantities of contributing cargo for which such a person is liable to contribute in respect of the preceding calendar year.
Art.21.3 3. For the purposes of ascertaining who are, at any given time, the persons liable to pay contributions in accordance with Articles 18, 19 or paragraph 5 of this Article and of establishing, where applicable, the quantities of cargo to be taken into account for any such person when determining the amount of the contribution, the list shall be prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein.
Art.21.4 4. Where a State Party does not fulfil its obligations to communicate to the Director the information referred to in paragraph 2 and this results in a financial loss for the HNS Fund, that State Party shall be liable to compensate the HNS Fund for such loss. The Assembly shall, on the recommendation of the Director, decide whether such compensation shall be payable by a State Party.
Art.21.5 5. In respect of contributing cargo carried from one port or terminal of a State Party to another port or terminal located in the same State and discharged there, States Parties shall have the option of submitting to the HNS Fund a report with an annual aggregate quantity for each account covering all receipts of contributing cargo, including any quantities in respect of which contributions are payable pursuant to Article 16, paragraph 5. The State Party shall, at the time of reporting, either:
Art.21.5.a (a) notify the HNS Fund that that State will pay the aggregate amount for each account in respect of the relevant year in one lump sum to the HNS Fund; or
Art.21.5.b (b) instruct the HNS Fund to levy the aggregate amount for each account by invoicing individual receivers or, in the case of LNG, the title holder who discharges within the jurisdiction of that State Party, for the amount payable by each of them. These persons shall be identified in accordance with the national law of the State concerned.
Art.23 Article 23
Art.23.1 1. Without prejudice to Article 21, paragraph 5, a State Party may at the time when it deposits its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession or at any time thereafter declare that it assumes responsibility for obligations imposed by this Convention on any person liable to pay contributions in accordance with Articles 18, 19, 20 or Article 21, paragraph 5 in respect of hazardous and noxious substances received or discharged in the territory of that State. Such a declaration shall be made in writing and shall specify which obligations are assumed.
Art.23.2 2. Where a declaration under paragraph 1 is made prior to the entry into force of this Convention in accordance with Article 46, it shall be deposited with the Secretary-General who shall after the entry into force of this Convention communicate the declaration to the Director.
Art.23.3 3. A declaration under paragraph 1 which is made after the entry into force of this Convention shall be deposited with the Director.
Art.23.4 4. A declaration made in accordance with this Article may be withdrawn by the relevant State giving notice thereof in writing to the Director. Such a notification shall take effect three months after the Director's receipt thereof.
Art.23.5 5. Any State which is bound by a declaration made under this Article shall, in any proceedings brought against it before a competent court in respect of any obligation specified in the declaration, waive any immunity that it would otherwise be entitled to invoke.
Art.32 Article 32
Art.32.1 1. Each State Party shall bear the salary, travel and other expenses of its own delegation to the Assembly and of its representatives on subsidiary bodies.
Art.32.2 2. Any other expenses incurred in the operation of the HNS Fund shall be borne by the HNS Fund.
Art.36 Article 36
Art.36.1x Information relating to individual contributors supplied for the purpose of this Convention shall not be divulged outside the HNS Fund except in so far as it may be strictly necessary to enable the HNS Fund to carry out its functions including the bringing and defending of legal proceedings.
Chap.4 CHAPTER IV
Art.38 Article 38
Art.38.1 1. Where an incident has caused damage in the territory, including the territorial sea or in an area referred to in Article 3(b), of one or more States Parties, or preventive measures have been taken to prevent or minimize damage in such territory including the territorial sea or in such area, actions for compensation may be brought against the owner or other person providing financial security for the owner's liability only in the courts of any such States Parties.
Art.38.2 2. Where an incident has caused damage exclusively outside the territory, including the territorial sea, of any State and either the conditions for application of this Convention set out in Article 3(c) have been fulfilled or preventive measures to prevent or minimize such damage have been taken, actions for compensation may be brought against the owner or other person providing financial security for the owner's liability only in the courts of:
Art.38.2.a (a) the State Party where the ship is registered or, in the case of an unregistered ship, the State Party whose flag the ship is entitled to fly; or
Art.38.2.b (b) the State Party where the owner has habitual residence or where the principal place of business of the owner is established; or
Art.38.2.c (c) the State Party where a fund has been constituted in accordance with Article 9, paragraph 3.
Art.38.3 3. Reasonable notice of any action taken under paragraph 1 or 2 shall be given to the defendant.
Art.38.4 4. Each State Party shall ensure that its courts have jurisdiction to entertain actions for compensation under this Convention.
Art.38.5 5. After a fund under Article 9 has been constituted by the owner or by the insurer or other person providing financial security in accordance with Article 12, the courts of the State in which such fund is constituted shall have exclusive jurisdiction to determine all matters relating to the apportionment and distribution of the fund.
Art.39 Article 39
Art.39.1 1. Subject to the subsequent provisions of this Article, any action against the HNS Fund for compensation under Article 14 shall be brought only before a court having jurisdiction under Article 38 in respect of actions against the owner who is liable for damage caused by the relevant incident or before a court in a State Party which would have been competent if an owner had been liable.
Art.39.2 2. In the event that the ship carrying the hazardous or noxious substances which caused the damage has not been identified, the provisions of Article 38, paragraph 1, shall apply mutatis mutandis to actions against the HNS Fund.
Art.39.3 3. Each State Party shall ensure that its courts have jurisdiction to entertain such actions against the HNS Fund as are referred to in paragraph 1.
Art.39.4 4. Where an action for compensation for damage has been brought before a court against the owner or the owner's guarantor, such court shall have exclusive jurisdiction over any action against the HNS Fund for compensation under the provisions of Article 14 in respect of the same damage.
Art.39.5 5. Each State Party shall ensure that the HNS Fund shall have the right to intervene as a party to any legal proceedings instituted in accordance with this Convention before a competent court of that State against the owner or the owner's guarantor.
Art.39.6 6. Except as otherwise provided in paragraph 7, the HNS Fund shall not be bound by any judgement or decision in proceedings to which it has not been a party or by any settlement to which it is not a party.
Art.39.7 7. Without prejudice to the provisions of paragraph 5, where an action under this Convention for compensation for damage has been brought against an owner or the owner's guarantor before a competent court in a State Party, each party to the proceedings shall be entitled under the national law of that State to notify the HNS Fund of the proceedings. Where such notification has been made in accordance with the formalities required by the law of the court seized and in such time and in such a manner that the HNS Fund has in fact been in a position effectively to intervene as a party to the proceedings, any judgement rendered by the court in such proceedings shall, after it has become final and enforceable in the State where the judgement was given, become binding upon the HNS Fund in the sense that the facts and findings in that judgement may not be disputed by the HNS Fund even if the HNS Fund has not actually intervened in the proceedings.
Art.40 Article 40
Art.40.1 1. Any judgement given by a court with jurisdiction in accordance with Article 38, which is enforceable in the State of origin where it is no longer subject to ordinary forms of review, shall be recognized in any State Party, except:
Art.40.1.a (a) where the judgement was obtained by fraud; or
Art.40.1.b (b) where the defendant was not given reasonable notice and a fair opportunity to present the case.
Art.40.2 2. A judgement recognized under paragraph 1 shall be enforceable in each State Party as soon as the formalities required in that State have been complied with. The formalities shall not permit the merits of the case to be re-opened.
Art.40.3 3. Subject to any decision concerning the distribution referred to in Article 14, paragraph 6, any judgement given against the HNS Fund by a court having jurisdiction in accordance with Article 39, paragraphs 1 and 3 shall, when it has become enforceable in the State of origin and is in that State no longer subject to ordinary forms of review, be recognized and enforceable in each State Party.
Art.41 Article 41
Art.41.1 1. The HNS Fund shall, in respect of any amount of compensation for damage paid by the HNS Fund in accordance with Article 14, paragraph 1, acquire by subrogation the rights that the person so compensated may enjoy against the owner or the owner's guarantor.
Art.41.2 2. Nothing in this Convention shall prejudice any rights of recourse or subrogation of the HNS Fund against any person, including persons referred to in Article 7, paragraph 2(d), other than those referred to in the previous paragraph, in so far as they can limit their liability. In any event the right of the HNS Fund to subrogation against such persons shall not be less favourable than that of an insurer of the person to whom compensation has been paid.
Art.41.3 3. Without prejudice to any other rights of subrogation or recourse against the HNS Fund which may exist, a State Party or agency thereof which has paid compensation for damage in accordance with provisions of national law shall acquire by subrogation the rights which the person so compensated would have enjoyed under this Convention.
Art.43 Article 43
Art.43.1x When depositing an instrument referred to in Article 45, paragraph 3, and annually thereafter until this Convention enters into force for a State, that State shall submit to the Secretary-General data on the relevant quantities of contributing cargo received or, in the case of LNG, discharged in that State during the preceding calendar year in respect of the general account and each separate account
Art.51 Article 51
Art.51.1 1. This Convention shall cease to be in force:
Art.51.1.a (a) on the date when the number of States Parties falls below 6; or
Art.51.1.b (b) twelve months after the date on which data concerning a previous calendar year were to be communicated to the Director in accordance with Article 21, if the data shows that the total quantity of contributing cargo to the general account in accordance with Article 18, paragraphs 1(a) and (c) received in the States Parties in that preceding calendar year was less than 30 million tonnes.
Art.51.1.cx Notwithstanding (b), if the total quantity of contributing cargo to the general account in accordance with Article 18, paragraphs 1(a) and (c) received in the States Parties in the preceding calendar year was less than 30 million tonnes but more than 25 million tonnes, the Assembly may, if it considers that this was due to exceptional circumstances and is not likely to be repeated, decide before the expiry of the abovementioned twelve month period that the Convention shall continue to be in force. The Assembly may not, however, take such a decision in more than two subsequent years.
Art.51.2 2. States which are bound by this Convention on the day before the date it ceases to be in force shall enable the HNS Fund to exercise its functions as described under Article 52 and shall, for that purpose only, remain bound by this Convention.