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Paragraphs in "Convention On Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution" coded as SCIR

Label Provision
Pre.1 The Parties to the present Convention,
Pre.2 Determined to promote relations and cooperation in the field of environmental protection,
Pre.3 Aware of the significance of the activities of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe in strengthening such relations and co-operation, particularly in the field of air pollution including long-range transport of air pollutants,
Pre.4 Recognizing the contribution of the Economic Commission for Europe to the multilateral implementation of the pertinent provisions of the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe,
Pre.5 Cognizant of the references in the chapter on environment of the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe calling for co- operation to control air pollution and its effects, including long-range transport of air pollutants, and to the development through international cooperation of an extensive programme for the monitoring and evaluation of long-rangetransport of air pollutants, starting with sulphur dioxide and with possible extension to other pollutants,
Pre.6 Considering the pertinent provisions of the Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, and in particular principle 21, which expresses the common conviction that States have, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and the principles of international law, the sovereign right to exploit their own resources pursuant to their own environmental policies, and the responsibility to ensure that activities within their jurisdiction or control do not cause damage to the environment of other States or of areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction, Recognizing the existence of possible adverse effects, in the short and long term, of air pollution including transboundary air pollution,
Pre.7 Concerned that a rise in the level of emissions of air pollutants within the region as forecast may increase such adverse effects,
Pre.10 Have agreed as follows:
Art.1 Article 1
Art.1.1x For the purposes of the present Convention:
Art.1.1x.a (a) "air pollution" means the introduction by man, directly or indirectly, of substances or energy into the air resulting in deleterious effects of such a nature as to endanger human health, harm living resources and ecosystems and material property and impair or interfere with amenities and other legitimate uses of the environment, and "air pollutants" shall be construed accordingly;
Art.1.1x.b (b) "long-range transboundary air pollution" means air pollution whose physical origin is situated wholly or in part within the area under the national jurisdiction of one State and which has adverse effects in the area under the jurisdiction of another State at such a distance that it is not generally possible to distinguish the contribution of individual emission sources or groups of sources.
Art.2 Article 2
Art.2.1x The Contracting Parties, taking due account of the facts and problems involved, are determined to protect man and his environment against air pollution and shall endeavour to limit and, as far as possible, gradually reduce and prevent air pollution including long-range transboundary air pollution.
Art.3 Article 3
Art.4 Article 4
Art.5 Article 5
Art.5.1x Consultations shall be held, upon request, at an early stage between, on the one hand, Contracting Parties which are actually affected by or exposed to a significant risk of long-range transboundary air pollution and, on the other hand, Contracting Parties within which and subject to whose jurisdiction a significant contribution to long-range transboundary air pollution originates, or could originate, in connexion with activities carried on or contemplated therein.
Art.6 Article 6
Art.7 Article 7
Art.7.1.x.b (b) instrumentation and other techniques for monitoring and measuring emission rates and ambient concentrations of air pollutants;
Art.7.1x.c (c) improved models for a better understanding of the transmission of long-range transboundary air pollutants;
Art.7.1x.d (d) the effects of sulphur compounds and other major air pollutants on human health and the environment, including agriculture, forestry, materials, aquatic and other natural ecosystems and visibility, with a view to establishing a scientific basis for dose/effect relationships designed to protect the environment;
Art.7.1x.e (e) the economic, social and environmental assessment of alternative measures for attaining environmental objectives including the reduction of long-range transboundary air pollution;
Art.7.1x.f (f) education and training programmes related to the environmental aspects of pollution by sulphur compounds and other major air pollutants.
Art.8 Article 8
Art.8.1x The Contracting Parties, within the framework of the Executive Body referred to in article 10 and bilaterally, shall, in their common interests, exchange available information on:
Art.8.1x.b (b) major changes in national policies and in general industrial development, and their potential impact, which would be likely to cause significant changes in long-range transboundary air pollution;
Art.8.1x.d (d) the projected cost of the emission control of sulphur compounds and other major air pollutants on a national scale;
Art.8.1x.e (e) meteorological and physico-chemical data relating to the processes during transmission;
Art.8.1x.g (g) national, subregional and regional policies and strategies for the control of sulphur compounds and other major air pollutants.
Art.9 Article 9
Art.9.1x The Contracting Parties stress the need for the implementation of the existing "Cooperative programme for the monitoring and evaluation of the long-range transmission of air pollutants in Europe" (hereinafter referred to as EMEP) and, with regard to the further development of this programme, agree to emphasize:
Art.9.1x.f (f) their willingness to continue the exchange and periodic updating of national data on total emissions of agreed air pollutants, starting with sulphur dioxide;
Art.9.1x.i (i) the desirability of extending the national EMEP networks to make them operational for control and surveillance purposes.
Art.10 Article 10
Art.10.1 1. The representatives of the Contracting Parties shall, within the framework of the Senior Advisers to ECE Governments on Environmental Problems, constitute the Executive Body of the present Convention, and shall meet at least annually in that capacity.
Art.10.2 2. The Executive Body shall:
Art.10.2.a (a) review the implementation of the present Convention;
Art.10.2.b (b) establish, as appropriate, working groups to consider matters related to the implementation and development of the present Convention and to this end to prepare appropriate studies and other documentation and to submit recommendations to be considered by the Executive Body;
Art.10.2.c (c) fulfil such other functions as may be appropriate under the provisions of the present Convention.
Art.10.4 4. The Executive Body, in discharging its functions, shall, when it deems appropriate, also make use of information from other relevant international organizations.
Art.11 Article 11
Art.11.1x The Executive Secretary of the Economic Commission for Europe shall carry out, for the Executive Body, the following secretariat functions:
Art.11.1x.a (a) to convene and prepare the meetings of the Executive Body;
Art.11.1x.b (b) to transmit to the Contracting Parties reports and other information received in accordance with the provisions of the present Convention;
Art.11.1x.c (c) to discharge the functions assigned by the Executive Body.
Art.12 Article 12
Art.12.1 1. Any Contracting Party may propose amendments to the present Convention.
Art.12.2 2. The text of proposed amendments shall be submitted in writing to the Executive Secretary of the Economic Commission for Europe, who shall communicate them to all Contracting Parties. The Executive Body shall discuss proposed amendments at its next annual meeting provided that such proposals have been circulated by the Executive Secretary of the Economic Commission for Europe to the Contracting Parties at least ninety days in advance.
Art.12.3 3. An amendment to the present Convention shall be adopted by consensus of the representatives of the Contracting Parties, and shall enter into force for the Contracting Parties which have accepted it on the ninetieth day after the date on which two-thirds of the Contracting Parties have deposited their instruments of acceptance with the depositary. Thereafter, the amendment shall enter into force for any other Contracting Party on the ninetieth day after the date on which that Contracting Party deposits its instrument of acceptance of the amendment.
Art.13 Article 13
Art.13.1x If a dispute arises between two or more Contracting Parties to the present Convention as to the interpretation or application of the Convention, they shall seek a solution by negotiation or by any other method of dispute settlement acceptable to the parties to the dispute.
Art.14 Article 14
Art.14.1 1. The present Convention shall be open for signature at the United Nations Office at Geneva from 13 to 16 November 1979 on the occasion of the High-level Meeting within the framework of the Economic Commission for Europe on the Protection of the Environment, by the member States of the Economic Commission for Europe as well as States having consultative status with the Economic Commission for Europe, pursuant to paragraph 8 of Economic and Social Council resolution 36 (IV) of 28 March 1947, and by regional economic integration organizations, constituted by sovereign States members of the Economic Commission for Europe, which have competence in respect of the negotiation, conclusion and application of international agreements in matters covered by the present Convention.
Art.14.2 2. In matters within their competence, such regional economic integration organizations shall, on their own behalf, exercise the rights and fulfil the responsibilities which the present Convention attributes to their member States. In such cases, the member States of these organizations shall not be entitled to exercise such rights individually.
Art.15 Article 15
Art.15.1 1. The present Convention shall be subject to ratification, acceptance or approval.
Art.15.2 2. The present Convention shall be open for accession as from 17 November 1979 by the States and organizations referred to in article 14, paragraph 1.
Art.15.3 3. The instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall be deposited with the Secretary- General of the United Nations, who will perform the functions of the depositary.
Art.16 Article 16
Art.16.1 1. The present Convention shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date of deposit of the twenty- fourth instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.
Art.16.2 2. For each Contracting Party which ratifies, accepts or approves the present Convention or accedes thereto after the deposit of the twenty-fourth instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, the Convention shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date of deposit by such Contracting Party of its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.
Art.17 Article 17
Art.17.1x At any time after five years from the date on which the present Convention has come into force with respect to a Contracting Party, that Contracting Party may withdraw from the Convention by giving written notification to the depositary. Any such withdrawal shall take effect on the ninetieth day after the date of its receipt by the depositary.
Art.18 Article 18
Art.18.1x The original of the present Convention, of which the English, French and Russian texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
Conc.1 In witness whereof the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto, have signed the present Convention. Done at Geneva, this thirteenth day of November, one thousand nine hundred and seventy-nine.